Notes in L41 Embryology: Musculoskeletal System

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Published	11/08/2024	The three germ layers are: {{c1::ectoderm}} (dorsal), {{c1::mesoderm}} (middle), and {{c1::endoderm}} (ventral).
Published	11/08/2024	The skeletal system is considered a {{c1::connective tissue::tissue type}} and is derived from {{c1::mesoderm::germ layer}}, except facial b…
Published	11/08/2024	Early development precursors on 5 week old embryoThe neural tube develops along the {{c1::dorsum}} of the embryo, influenced by the {{c1::no…
Published	11/08/2024	The mesoderm germ layer differentiates into: {{c1::paraxial}}, {{c1::intermediate}}, and {{c1::lateral plate mesoderm}}.The {{c1::somit…
Published	11/08/2024	{{c1::Myotome}} and {{c1::dermatome}} are innervated by {{c2::spinal nerves connected to the spinal cord::what nerves?}}.{{c1::Sclerotome}} cells enci…
Published	11/08/2024	Most of the axial skeleton forms by {{c1::endochondral ossification}}, except for the {{c1::clavicle}::bone} and {{c3::facial bones::bones}} form by {…
Published	11/08/2024	The development of the spine involves a process called {{c1::resegmentation}} which includes... 1. Each {{c1::somite}} splits into two parts…
Published	11/08/2024	Potential Vertebral Defects During Resegmentation- {{c2::Scoliosis}} can result from {{c1::failed segmentation}} or {{c1::abnormal fusion}} of somites…
Published	11/08/2024	The skull is part of the {{c1::axial}} skeleton and derives primarily from {{c1::mesoderm::which germ layer?}}, however, {{c1::neural c…
Published	11/08/2024	Craniosynostosis is a condition where {{c1::one or more cranial sutures close prematurely, leading to abnormal skull shapes}}- {{c2::Scaphocephal…
Published	11/08/2024	The appendicular skeleton, develops from the {{c1::lateral plate mesoderm}}, not from the {{c1::somite mesoderm}} associated with the axial skeleton.&…
Published	11/08/2024	Events in Development of the Limbs ({{c1::4}} weeks- {{c1::8}} weeks)1. Limb buds begin to form around {{c1::4 weeks}} as small e…
Published	11/08/2024	- The hand and foot initially form a {{c1::paddle shape}} within which, {{c1::digital rays}} connected by webbing form. - Eventually, the webbing…
Published	11/08/2024	In the embryo, when the limb bud forms, the thumb and the big toe are in the {{c1::cranial}} position. In anatomical position in the adult, after rota…
Published	11/08/2024	Limb and body wall muscles develop from {{c1::myotomes of the somites}} and {{c1::lateral plate mesoderm}} and are innervated by {…
Published	11/08/2024	Disease/Conditions of axial/limb muscle development- {{c2::Poland sequence}} involves the absence of the {{c1::pectoralis muscles}} and may inclu…
Published	11/08/2024	Types of Limb Malformations{{c1::amelia}} is the {{c2::absence of an entire limb}}{{c1::meromelia}} is the {{c2::absence of part of a limb}}{{c1::phoc…
Published	11/08/2024	Digit Malformations- {{c1::Polydactyly}} refers to the {{c2::presence of extra digits}}- {{c1::Syndactyly}} is the {{c2::fusion of digits}}, often due…
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