Notes in MGY377 Lec 12 (midterm 2)

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/07/2023	Steps to cell wall synthesis in S. aureus: {{c6::{{c1::NAG (GlcNAc) attaches to the nucleotide UTP}} → {{c2::UDP-glcNAc is enzymaticall…
Published	10/07/2023	Assembly of the cell wall in S. aureus occurs in the {{c1::cell}} first.
Published	10/07/2023	Like peptidoglycan synthesis, synthesis of {{c1::LPS }}starts {{c2::inside the cell (in cytoplasm) with nucleotide linked sugars that t…
Published	10/07/2023	During the synthesis of LPS, the lipidA/core is assembled {{c1::separately::together with/separately from}} O-antigen.
Published	10/07/2023	Synthesis of LPS: {{c6::{{c1::O-antigen is assembled on same type of bactoprenol/C-55 lipid as peptidoglycan}} → {{c2::transferred to p…
Published	10/07/2023	LPS transport to outer membrane:{{c1::Requires multi-protein machinery to transport b/c LPS is lipid that can’t cross aqueous periplasm::how is it tra…
Published	10/07/2023	Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus has been used in biotechnical applications involving antibodies including {{c1::immunoprecipitation …
Published	10/07/2023	Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus: S. aureus (Gram {{c1::+}}) can bind antibodies produced by immune system of animals using {{c1::protein A}}&n…
Published	10/07/2023	C-terminal sorting signal: Many surface proteins in Gram {{c1::+::+/-}} bacteria are made w/ c-terminal sorting signal which has 3 parts:&nb…
Published	10/07/2023	Surface display in Gram + bacteria: After protein A is made (on ribosome in cytoplasm), it is exported from the cell During its export the&n…
Published	10/07/2023	Murein (Braun’s) lipoprotein: {{c1::F (most abundant in gram - cells) ::T/F}}: Most abundant protein in gram (+) cells (7 x 10^5 molecules/cell).…
Published	10/07/2023	Murein (Braun’s) lipoprotein{{c1::N(amino)}}-terminal {{c1::cysteine}} residue is modified with lipids that insert into {{c1::inner leaflet of outer m…
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::>50% of outer membrane is composed of proteins distinct from those in the cytoplasmic membrane, allowing influx of nutrients (which are mainl…
Published	10/07/2023	Major classes of proteins in outer membrane (gram - bac): {{c1::porins, specific channels, TonB-dependent transporters}}
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::classical porins and specific channels::What are the 2 types of porins?}}
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::Porins}} are the most abundant proteins in the OM.
Published	10/07/2023	Porins are {{c1::narrow, water-filled channels through the membrane. Nutrients (usually hydrophilic) cross through.}}
Published	10/07/2023	Classical porins are {{c1::nonspecific channels for rapid passage of small hydrophilic molecules less than 600-700 Da (e.g. glucose, glycerol, monosac…
Published	10/07/2023	Examples of classical porins are {{c1::OmpF, OmpC and PhoE proteins of E.coli. }}
Published	10/07/2023	Classical porins PhoE {{c1::can only be produced under conditions of phosphate starvation::is unique from OmpF and OmpC because?}}
Published	10/07/2023	Classical porins Under starvation conditions, {{c1::OmpC (1.1. nm) is replaced by OmpF which has larger diameter (1.2 nm) pores::what happen…
Published	10/07/2023	Classical porins OmpF and OmpC prefer {{c1::cations over anions}}, whereas PhoE prefers {{c1::anions}}
Published	10/07/2023	Classical porins form {{c1::trimer::dimer/trimer}}; each subunit is made of {{c2::16-beta strands forming a Beta barrel surrounding large ch…
Published	10/07/2023	The diameters of classical porin channels are {{c1::1.1 - 1.2nm}}.
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::Eyelets (where solvents can pass)::What do the orange marks represent in OmpF structure?}}
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::P. aerugiosa (rmb it’s gram -)}} cause serious lung infection in immunocompromised people and cystic fibrosis patients. It's difficult to t…
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::Specific Channels::type of porin}} mediate downhill (spontaneous) diffusion of specific classes of nutrients. They are a {{c1::trimeri…
Published	10/07/2023	Example of specific channel is LamB of E.coli which favors passage of {{c1::maltrose and maltodextrins:: 2 things}} across outer m…
Published	10/07/2023	LamB of E.coli is named 'lamB' because {{c1::it is also the receptor used by 'bacteriophage lambda' }}
Published	10/07/2023	Specific OM transport proteins depend on {{c1::TonB +energy from cytoplasm}} and are called {{c1::TBDTs (TonB dependent transporters)}}…
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::Bacteria secrete siderophores (low molecular weight molecules that can form soluble complex with ferric iron since ferric iron exists in en…
Published	10/07/2023	FhuA (transports ferrichrome) and FepA (ferric enterobactin receptor) are examples of specific OM transporters. Specific OM transporters have a {{c1::…
Published	10/07/2023	How TonB works/transfers energy from inner membrane to outer membrane {{c6::Periplasm {{c1::has no::has/has no}} ATP. The inner membrane {{c…
Published	10/07/2023	Bacteriodies thetaiotamicron {{c1::Glycophile, in microbiota; digest otherwise indigestible dietary polysaccharides::what does it do}}Encodes lar…
Published	10/07/2023	Bacteriodies thetaiotamicron{{c2::SusC (TonB dependent OM protein)}} works with starch-binding lipoproteins {{c1::SusD, SusE, SusF, SusG::na…
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::Permeases}} (that are specific for different types of sugars) import simple sugars across inner membrane Homologues of {{c2::SusC and …
Published	10/07/2023	Which are least effective against Gram-neg bacteria? → {{c1::Vancomycin (big, unable to penetrate gram - bacteria cell wall) }}
Published	10/07/2023	What are the 4 basic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? {{c1::Hibernate }}{{c1::Destroy antibiotic }}{{c1::Mutate target to no longer…
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::ArcA/AcrB/TolC complex (also called MexA/MexB/OprM):: [ ] complex}} is major contributor to antibiotic resistance.
Published	10/07/2023	{{c1::T::T/F}}: Strains that lack any of the 3 components of ArcA/AcrB/TolC complex have greatly increased susceptibility to …
Published	10/07/2023	How the AcrA/AcrB/TolC complex works: {{c4::{{c1::AcrB (transporter)}} uses energy from proton gradient across inner membrane to drive efflu…
Published	10/07/2023	7613e80ff5d34f4e8f31662a30dd6cc4-oa-1
Published	10/07/2023	7613e80ff5d34f4e8f31662a30dd6cc4-oa-2
Status	Last Update	Fields