Notes in PHAR117 Li L02

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Published	10/04/2023	State and PhaseState: Physical status of a matter{{c1::Gas, liquid, and solid.}}Phase:A {{c2::homogeneous, physically distinct portion of a syste…
Published	10/04/2023	Classificaton of Interfaces(Phase, Types and Examples of Interfaces)Gas/gas{{c1::No interface possible}}Gas/liquid{{c2::e.g. body of water exposed to …
Published	10/04/2023	Within a liquid phase, you will have the {{c1::same molecule.}}At the interface, you will have {{c1::different molecules}}{{c1::different molecules}} …
Published	10/04/2023	Surface Tensionmeasurement of work you do to increase the surface areasurface tension is the {{c1::unit area needed to break interactions between mole…
Published	10/04/2023	Small Particles and Surface EnergyLarge particles --> small particlesSmall surface area --> large surface areaWork must be done to red…
Published	10/04/2023	Dispersed Systems in Pharmacy PracticeSolid in liquid — {{c1::suspension}} (liquid state)Liquid in liquid — {{c2::emulsion}} (liquid state)Solid in so…
Published	10/04/2023	If surface area increases, then {{c1::total work increases}}. Refer to equation
Published	10/04/2023	Oil and Water ExampleYou shake oil and water together to mix, making oil droplets in waterTwo phases come together ({{c1::liquid in liquid emulsion in…
Published	10/04/2023	Basic TerminologyHydrophiliclikes waterHydrophobichates waterLipophiliclikes oil{{c1::Lyophilic}}Likes the solvent{{c2::Amphiphilic}}Likes both water …
Published	10/04/2023	Surfactants - surface active agentsAn {{c1::amphiphilic}} compound thatis {{c2::soluble}} in one phase of a {{c2::multiphase}} system forms {{c3::orie…
Published	10/04/2023	In this example with {{c1::oleic acid}}, we have a molecule that has a lipophilic portion and hydrophilic portionNotice how much of each portion of ol…
Published	10/04/2023	Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance System (HLB)a system for categorizing and/or quantitatively evaluating {{c1::emulsifying agents or surface-active agent…
Published	10/04/2023	Important Surfactant HLB Values to rememberEmulsifier: Water Droplets in Oil InterphaseHLB: {{c1::3-6}}Emulsifier: Oil Droplets in Water InterphaseHLB…
Published	10/04/2023	This picture represents a {{c1::o/w}} system
Published	10/04/2023	This picture represents a {{c1::w/o}} system
Published	10/04/2023	Reducing Surface EnergyInterfacial energy = {{c1::surface tension}} x {{c1::surface area}}Usually, a {{c5::decrease in particle size}} will lead to an…
Published	10/04/2023	Two examples Dr. Li wants us to remember are {{c1::Span}} (left) and {{c1::Tween}} (right){{c1::Span}} has a hydrophilic portion, allowing it to form …
Published	10/04/2023	Contact Angleused to determine how {{c1::wet}} something ishigher angle = {{c2::more wet}}lower angle = {{c2::less wet}}
Published	10/04/2023	Organic molecules tend to be {{c1::hydrophobic}}, but the body is mostly {{c1::hydrophilic}}To absorb the drug, the drug must {{c2::dissolve}}, and th…
Published	10/04/2023	Surface tension {{c1::decreases}} as the concentration of surfactant {{c1::increases}}At the point in which the surface tension {{c2::stops decreasing…
Published	10/04/2023	So What can Surfactants do?{{c1::reduce surface/interfacial tension}}act as wetting agentimproving {{c2::contact between water and organic compounds}}…
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