Notes in Chapter_42:_Orthopedics

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Published	07/07/2024	The cells responsible for reabsorbing bone are {{c1::osteoclasts}}
Published	07/07/2024	Cartilage receives its supply of nutrients from {{c1::synovial fluid}}
Published	07/07/2024	An epiphysiolysis of the growth plate without fracture is Salter-Harris type {{c1::1}}
Published	07/07/2024	An epiphysiolysis of the growth plate with a metaphyseal fracture fragment is Salter-Harris type {{c1::2}}
Published	07/07/2024	A fracture through the growth plate and epiphysis is Salter-Harris type {{c1::3}}
Published	07/07/2024	A fracture through the growth plate, epiphysis, and metaphysis is Salter-Harris type {{c1::4}}
Published	07/07/2024	A crush of the growth plate without fracture is Salter-Harris type {{c1::5}}
Published	07/07/2024	Which type(s) of Salter-Harris fracture require open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)?{{c1::3, 4, and 5}}
Published	07/07/2024	Which type(s) of Salter-Harris fracture only require closed reduction?{{c1::1 and 2}}
Published	07/07/2024	Bones associated with avascular necrosis when fractured include the scaphoid, femoral neck, and {{c1::talus}}
Published	07/07/2024	Bones associated with nonunion when fractured include the {{c1::clavicle}} and {{c2::5th}} metatarsal
Published	07/07/2024	Bones associated with compartment syndrome when fractured include the {{c2::supracondylar humerus}}, tibia, and {{c1::calcaneus}}
Published	07/07/2024	The biggest risk factor for bone nonunion after fracture is {{c1::smoking}}
Published	07/07/2024	Feel free to make your own cards on this. You should likely already know what specific muscles these nerves innervate so I won't make cards on it{{c1:…
Published	07/07/2024	The portion of the lumbar disc that herniates is the {{c1::nucleus pulposus}}
Published	07/07/2024	Lumbar disc herniation can cause nerve root compression 1 nerve root {{c1::below}} the disc
Published	07/07/2024	This should look familiar from previous studies in medical school. Can make your own cards if you deem necessary{{c1:::)}}
Published	07/07/2024	The preferred imaging modality for lumbar disc hernation is {{c1::MRI}}
Published	07/07/2024	The surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation is {{c1::laminectomy}}
Published	07/07/2024	Step 1 brachial plexus stuff{{c1:::)}}
Published	07/07/2024	Most clavicle fractures are treated with {{c1::a sling}}
Published	07/07/2024	The majority (90%) of shoulder dislocations are {{c1::anterior}} shoulder dislocations(anterior or posterior)
Published	07/07/2024	Anterior shoulder dislocations have a risk of axillary {{c1::nerve}} injury
Published	07/07/2024	Posterior shoulder dislocations have a risk of axillary {{c1::artery}} injury
Published	07/07/2024	Shoulder dislocations, both anterior and posterior, are usually treated with {{c1::closed reduction}}
Published	07/07/2024	Acromioclavicular joint separation is treated with {{c1::a sling}}
Published	07/07/2024	Most scapula fractures are treated with {{c1::a sling}}
Published	07/07/2024	Scapula fractures are treated with internal fixation if the {{c1::glenoid fossa}} is involved
Published	07/07/2024	Midshaft humeral fractures are usually treated with {{c1::a sling}}
Published	07/07/2024	Supracondylar humeral fractures in adults are treated with {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	Supracondylar humeral fractures in children that are nondisplaced are treated with {{c1::closed reduction}}
Published	07/07/2024	Supracondylar humeral fractures in children that are displaced are treated with {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	A fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with proximal radial head dislocation is known as a(n) {{c1::Monteggia}} fracture
Published	07/07/2024	A Monteggia fracture is treated with {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for a Colles fracture is {{c1::closed reduction}}
Published	07/07/2024	A nursemaid's elbow injury is treated with {{c1::closed reduction}}
Published	07/07/2024	A combined radial and ulnar fracture in adults is treated with {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	A combined radial and ulnar fracture in children  is treated with {{c1::closed reduction}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common carpal bone fracture is a {{c1::scaphoid}} fracture
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for scaphoid fractures is usually {{c1::casting to the elbow}}
Published	07/07/2024	There is a significant risk of {{c1::avascular necrosis}} in scaphoid fractures due to retrograde blood supply
Published	07/07/2024	A permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist is known as a {{c1::Volkmann's contracture}}
Published	07/07/2024	A Volkmann's contracture can occur after reduction of a supracondylar humerus fracture due to reperfusion injury from the {{c1::anterior interosseous}…
Published	07/07/2024	The most common nerve affected by the swelling in a Volkmann's contracture is the {{c1::median}} nerve
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for a Volkmann's contracture is {{c1::forearm fasciotomies}}
Published	07/07/2024	Which compartments are opened in a forearm fasciotomy? (volar or dorsal){{c1::Both :)}}
Published	07/07/2024	Progressive proliferation of the palmar fascia of the hand resulting in contracture is known as {{c1::Dupuytren's}} contracture
Published	07/07/2024	The initial treatment for Dupuytren's contracture is {{c1::NSAIDs}} or {{c2::steroids}}
Published	07/07/2024	Surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome involves release of the {{c1::transverse carpal}} ligament
Published	07/07/2024	Tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon that catches on an MCP joint is known as {{c1::trigger finger}}
Published	07/07/2024	Infection that spreads along the flexor tendon sheaths is known as {{c1::suppurative tenosynovitis}}
Published	07/07/2024	The 4 classic signs of {{c5::suppurative tenosynovitis}}1) Tendon sheath {{c4::tenderness}}2) Pain with {{c3::passive}} motion3) {{c2::Swelling}} alon…
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for suppurative tenosynovitis is midaxial longitudinal {{c1::incision}} and {{c1::drainage}}
Published	07/07/2024	Most rotator cuff tears are treated with {{c1::a sling}}
Published	07/07/2024	An infection under a nail bed (finger or toe) is known as {{c1::paronychia}}
Published	07/07/2024	Treatment of paronychia is antibiotics; {{c1::nail removal}} may be required if purulent
Published	07/07/2024	An infection in the terminal joint space of the finger is known as {{c1::felon}}
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for a felon infection of the finger is {{c1::incision}} and {{c1::drainage}}
Published	07/07/2024	The majority (90%) of hip dislocations are {{c1::posterior}} hip dislocations(anterior or posterior)
Published	07/07/2024	Patients with {{c2::pos}}terior hip dislocations tend to have {{c1::in}}ternal rotation and {{c1::ad}}duction of the leg
Published	07/07/2024	Patients with {{c2::an}}terior hip dislocations tend to have {{c1::ex}}ternal rotation and {{c1::ab}}duction of the leg
Published	07/07/2024	There is a risk of sciatic nerve injury in {{c1::posterior}} hip dislocations(anterior or posterior)
Published	07/07/2024	There is a risk of femoral artery injury in {{c1::anterior}} hip dislocations(anterior or posterior)
Published	07/07/2024	Hip dislocations are treated with {{c2::closed reduction}} within 24 hours to prevent {{c1::avascular necrosis}}
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for an isolated anterior pelvic ring fracture with minimal ischial displacement is {{c1::weight-bearing as tolerated}}
Published	07/07/2024	A fracture of the femoral shaft is treated with {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	A fracture of the femoral neck is treated with {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	Lateral knee trauma can result in injury to the {{c2::ACL}}, {{c1::MCL}}, and {{c3::medial meniscus}}
Published	07/07/2024	Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury diagnosis is confirmed with {{c1::MRI}}
Published	07/07/2024	The {{c1::anterior}} cruciate ligament is more commonly injured(anterior or posterior)
Published	07/07/2024	Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are treated with surgery only if {{c1::medical management fails}}
Published	07/07/2024	Collateral ligament injuries with small tears are treated with {{c1::a brace}}
Published	07/07/2024	Collateral ligament injuries with large tears are treated with {{c1::surgery}}
Published	07/07/2024	Most collateral ligament injuries also have corresponding {{c1::meniscus}} injuries
Published	07/07/2024	Meniscus tears tend to present with tenderness along the {{c1::joint line}}
Published	07/07/2024	Treatment for meniscus tears involves {{c1::arthroscopic}} repair or debridement
Published	07/07/2024	In a posterior knee dislocation, injury to the {{c1::popliteal artery}} must be ruled out
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for a patellar fracture is usually {{c1::casting}}
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for a patellar fracture that is comminuted is {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	Tibial plateau and tibia-fibula fractures are treated with {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	Pain and mass below the popliteal fossa with ankle ecchymosis is concerning for {{c1::plantaris}} muscle rupture
Published	07/07/2024	Bimalleolar or trimalleolar ankle fractures are treated with {{c1::ORIF}}
Published	07/07/2024	Metatarsal fractures are treated with casting or a brace for {{c1::6}} week(s)
Published	07/07/2024	Fractures of the calcaneus require ORIF if there is any {{c1::displacement}}
Published	07/07/2024	Most talus fractures are treated with {{c1::closed reduction}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most commonly injured nerve with lower extremity fasciotomy is the {{c1::superificial peroneal}} nerve
Published	07/07/2024	Prolonged lithotomy position, crossing legs, or a fibula head fracture can cause footdrop due to injury to the {{c1::common peroneal}} nerve
Published	07/07/2024	The anterior leg compartment receives arterial supply from the {{c1::anterior tibial}} artery
Published	07/07/2024	The deep posterior leg compartment receives arterial supply from the {{c1::posterior tibial}} artery
Published	07/07/2024	The extensor muscles and anterior tibialis muscle are located in the {{c1::anterior}} compartment of the leg
Published	07/07/2024	The peroneal muscles are located in the {{c1::lateral}} compartment of the leg
Published	07/07/2024	The flexor muscles and the posterior tibialis muscle are located in the {{c1::deep posterior}} compartment of the leg
Published	07/07/2024	The gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles are located in the {{c1::superficial posterior}} compartment of the leg
Published	07/07/2024	Can distal pulses still be present in compartment syndrome?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Osteomyelitis occurs in the {{c1::meta}}-physis of long bones in children
Published	07/07/2024	The most common organism causing osteomyelitis is {{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}}
Published	07/07/2024	Osteomyelitis is diagnosed with bone biopsy and {{c1::MRI}}
Published	07/07/2024	Treatment for osteomyelitis involves antibiotics and {{c1::incision and drainage}}
Published	07/07/2024	Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis is most common in prepubertal {{c1::females::gender}}
Published	07/07/2024	Adolescent scoliosis with curves 20-45 degrees are treated with {{c1::bracing}}
Published	07/07/2024	Adolescent scoliosis with curves >45 degrees are treated with {{c1::spinal fusion}}
Published	07/07/2024	Osgood-Schlatter disease is also known as {{c1::tibial tubercle apophysitis}}
Published	07/07/2024	Most cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease are treated with {{c1::activity limitation}}
Published	07/07/2024	Treatment for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is to maintain {{c1::range of motion}}
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis is {{c1::surgical pinning}}
Published	07/07/2024	Congenital dislocation of the hip is more common in {{c1::females::gender}}
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for congenital dislocation of the hip is {{c1::Pavlik}} harness
Published	07/07/2024	Congenital clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) is treated with {{c1::serial casting}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common bone tumor is {{c1::metastasis}}
Published	07/07/2024	Metastatic bone tumors are most commonly from {{c1::breast}} (#1) and {{c1::prostate}} (#2)
Published	07/07/2024	The most common primary malignant bone tumor is {{c1::multiple myeloma}}
Published	07/07/2024	Pathologic bone fractures are treated with {{c1::internal fixation}}
Published	07/07/2024	X-ray showing a periosteal reaction ({{c2::Codman's}} triangle) is diagnostic of {{c1::osteosarcoma}}
Published	07/07/2024	Osteosarcoma is treated with {{c2::resection}}, XRT, and preoperative {{c1::doxorubicin}}-based chemotherapy
Published	07/07/2024	Most benign bone tumors are treated with {{c1::curettage}} with or without bone graft
Published	07/07/2024	The most common benign bone tumor is {{c1::osteochondroma}}
Published	07/07/2024	Giant cell tumor of bone is {{c1::benign}}(benign or malignant)
Published	07/07/2024	Subluxation (slip) of one vertebral body over another is known as {{c1::spondylolisthesis}}
Published	07/07/2024	Cervical and lumbar stenosis are treated with surgical {{c1::decompression}} if symptomatic
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