Notes in L04 Avoidable Toxicological Disasters in History: Prohibition

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	06/22/2023	What are the categories of global toxicological disasters in history?{{c1::GasFoodAlcohol and Illicit Drugs Medicinal Occupational }}
Published	06/22/2023	What gas is associated with Lake Nyos, Cameroon volcanic crater explosion?{{c1::Carbon Dioxide}} gas and there were several fatalities because of it&n…
Published	06/22/2023	What occurred in Bhopal, India 1984 at the Union Carbide plant?{{c1::Methyl isocyanate}} was released at the carbaryl plant
Published	06/22/2023	Methyl isocyanate was released at the Union carbaryl plant in India. What is this chemical?Methyl isocyanate is an intermediate chemical in the produc…
Published	06/22/2023	What accident occurred in Texas City, Texas - 1987? 26 tons of {{c1::hydrofluoric acid}} released from a petrochemical plant, 939 sought care, no…
Published	06/22/2023	What toxin is involved in the most number of disasters?{{c1::Carbon Monoxide}}
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Carbon monoxide}} causes the most nondrug poisining deaths in the US
Published	06/22/2023	What occurred in the Cleveland Clinic Radiology Fire - 1929? Burning of {{c1::nitrocellulose}} radiographs produced nitrogen dioxide, {{c1::cyani…
Published	06/22/2023	What occurred in the Xiaoyang, China - 2003? At least 243 people died and 10,000 people became ill after a drilling well exploded {{c1::Hydr…
Published	06/22/2023	What occurred in Seveso, Italy - 1976? A hexochlorophene facility explosion released {{c1::2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) }}
Published	06/22/2023	What are significant cases of Air Pollution and what bill did they lead too?An 1873 {{c1::London fog}} was responsible for 268 deaths from b…
Published	06/22/2023	Epidemic Ergotism Thousands affected due to {{c1::Claviceps purpurea}} contamination of grain (bread/rye)Ergot-induced severe vasospasm was thoug…
Published	06/22/2023	In Turkey 1956 there was wheat seed intended for planting that was treated with {{c1::hexachlorobenzene}} an {{c1::organochloride/organophosphate pois…
Published	06/22/2023	What caused Epping Jaundice?Bakers flour contamination with {{c1::methylenedianiline}} It also caused Hepatitis in 84 people
Published	06/22/2023	What is associated with unintentional contamination and Yusho ("rice oil disease" and Yu Cheng "oil disease")?  {{c1::Polybromated biphenyls (P…
Published	06/22/2023	What is Toxic Oil Syndrome associated with?Rapeseed (Canola) oul denatured with {{c1::aniline}}.Fatty acid oleyl {{c1::anilide}} may have been causati…
Published	06/22/2023	What is associated with Devonshire Colic? Colic from cider contaminated with {{c1::lead}} during production
Published	06/22/2023	What are Tetramine & Melamine associated with? • {{c1::Tetramethylene disulfotetramine (TETS- GABA antagonist)}} is a Rodenticide that was …
Published	06/22/2023	What was found in contaminated ground water wells in Bangladesh/India from 1990 to present?{{c1::Arsenic}} contaminated ground water from wells 6…
Published	06/22/2023	There were two accidents with {{c1::Methyl Mercury}}. One in Iraq and one in Minamata BayMinamata Bay - Japan - 1950s: {{c1::Vinyl chloride}} and {{c1…
Published	06/22/2023	What is Itai-Itai Disease?Contamination of the local water supply with {{c1::cadmium}} from wastewater runoff from a zinc-lead-cadmium mine
Published	06/22/2023	In regards to alcohol related disasters, there were two incidents - once occuring in Stafforshire England and one in France that caused an epidemic?{{…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Triorthocresyl phospate (TOCP}}) was brought about in Alcohol Prohibition and "Ginger Jake paralysis" {{c1::Jamaican Ginger}} - Jake leg pa…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Cobalt-beer}} cardiomyopathy was something that effected Quebec City, Minneapolis, Omaha and Belgium and caused epidemics of fulminant congestiv…
Published	06/22/2023	Methanol caused poisining due to {{c1::ethanol contamination with methanol.}} This was the case in Atlanta, Georgia in which there was Methanol M…
Published	06/22/2023	MPTP outbreak occurred when injection drug users were attempting to use a meperidine analog, {{c1::MPPP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionocy-piperidine)}} …
Published	06/22/2023	Tango and Cash was also known as {{c1::Fentanyl}}Heroin contaminated with this substance was the precursor for the current {{c1::Opioid Epidemic …
Published	06/22/2023	Heroin + {{c1::Scopolamine}} in NYC, Newark and east coast area led to 35 cases of anticholinergic poisining. It was used in robberies and sexual…
Published	06/22/2023	What is "Chasing the Dragon" / Netherlands - 1980s known as? Heroin users inhaled vapors after the heroin powder had been heated on {{c1::aluminu…
Published	06/22/2023	One of the most well known contaminations that led to the passage of the Food, Drug & Cosmetic act was associated with what?The elixir of sulfanil…
Published	06/22/2023	What is Sulfathiazole? It  was an Antibiotic contaminated with/replaced with {{c1::phenobarbital }} (made in same plant and machines ne…
Published	06/22/2023	What was Thalidomide?It was used as a sedative and {{c1::antiemetic}} drug in pregnant women. It caused 5000 cased of {{c1::phocomelia (fore-limb shor…
Published	06/22/2023	What was {{c1::Diethylistilbestrol (DES)}}? This drug was made to prevent miscarriages or premature delivery. It caused {{c2::Breast Cancer}} in …
Published	06/22/2023	What was Thorotrast?A radiographic IV contrast agent used ~30 years containing {{c1::thorium dioxide}} 25%. {{c1::Hepatic Angiosarcoma}} rate inc…
Published	06/22/2023	What was Stalinon?It was used in France -1964. It was used to treat skin infections, osteomyelitis and anthrax It treated severe neurotoxicity in…
Published	06/22/2023	What is {{c1::Clioquinol}}?It was used topically and orally as an {{c2::antibacterial and antiparasitic}} agent. It caused abdominal symtpoms and…
Published	06/22/2023	WHat is {{c2::Benzyl Alcohol}}?It was used as a {{c1::preservative}} in IV solutions.It caused {{c1::Neonatal gasping syndrom}}
Published	06/22/2023	What was {{c1::L-tryptophan}}?It led to the passing of {{c2::Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act }}It caused Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrom…
Published	06/22/2023	What was Fen-Phen?A weight-loss drug combination {{c1::fenfluramine and phentermine}} (fen-phen) or dexfenfluramine. It caused cardiac valvulopat…
Published	06/22/2023	What toxicant was asssociated with the incident that occured in felting in New Jersey that caused Mad Hatter disease? {{c1::Mercury Nitrate}} use…
Published	06/22/2023	What were match-makers exposed to that caused them to develop mandibular osteonecrosis?{{c1::White phosphorous}}
Published	06/22/2023	What chemical was involved in the incident that caused an increase in bladder tumors?{{c1::Beta Napthylamine}}
Published	06/22/2023	What chemical was associated with Artificial leather makers and caused Aplastic anemica? {{c1::Benzene}}
Published	06/22/2023	What caused an increased incidence of hepatic angiosarcoma in Louisville, KY?{{c1::Vinyl Chloride}}
Published	06/22/2023	This product was used worldwide in the 20th century in shipbuilding, insulating and fireproofing. It eventually caused Mesothelioma, lung cancer and p…
Published	06/22/2023	Pesticides are associated with several side effects? • Kepone shakes       • {{c1::Chlordecone}} - organochlorine insecticide.  …
Published	06/22/2023	In Zamfara, Nigeria artisanl gold mining operations caused individuals to have exposure to what? {{c1::Lead}}
Published	06/22/2023	Kepone shakes—{{c1::chlordecone}}; organochlorine insecticide. Factory workers with tremor and chaotic eye mvmnts   {{c2::DBCP}}—Male CA…
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