Notes in Lectures & Clinical

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Published	08/09/2023	Gather and interpret information from the patient --> {{c3::history}}Gather and interpret information immediately available from the patient’s {{c1…
Published	08/09/2023	{{c1::diagnosis}} is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon → {{c1::diagnosis}} informs treatment and prognosis- process o…
Published	08/09/2023	{{c1::History of Present Illness}} (HPI)- "What brings you in today?" = chief {{c2::concern}} = reason for visit- clinical {{c3::history (hx)}} the mo…
Published	08/09/2023	get patient {{c1::perspective}} during HPI:• “What do you think might be going on?” • "What are you most worried about?” • “What were you hoping for o…
Published	08/09/2023	HPI = {{c1::history of present illness}}→ has many components:
Published	08/09/2023	OLDCARTSS - seven attributes of a symptom, guides pertinent questions to ask for patient's HPIO - {{c1::onset}}L - {{c2::location}}D - {{c3::dura…
Published	08/09/2023	{{c2::Integrated}} interviewing involves both a {{c1::patient}}-centered and {{c1::clinician}} centered process - specific characteristics of bot…
Published	08/09/2023	empathetic and compassionate communication --> improved patient experience and better {{c7::clinical}} outcomes as well as decreased physician {{c1…
Published	08/09/2023	communication checklist:Addresses the patient by {{c1::name}}Introduces self by name AND {{c2::title}}Involves patient when discussing the {{c3::reaso…
Published	08/09/2023	communication barriers can be split into patient factors and doctor factors:patient factors- language- {{c1::senses}} (e.g., vision, hearing) - health…
Published	08/09/2023	1. We can’t fully understand what our patients are experiencing; we can be kind and compassionate in our communication 2. Empathetic communication lea…
Published	08/09/2023	avoid the following in communication with patients:
Published	08/09/2023	Empathy creates a safe learning environmentEncouraging {{c1::open}} communicationDemonstrating {{c2::active}} listeningProviding {{c3::emotional}} sup…
Published	08/09/2023	{{c1::physical examination}} involves information we gain about the anatomy and function of our patients’ bodies and minds using our {{c2::senses}}, s…
Published	08/09/2023	survey physcial exam- {{c1::multi}}-system but non-{{c2::comprehensive}} examination that evaluates important anatomic and functional elements and ser…
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Published	08/09/2023	Observation / general• Level of {{c5::consciousness}} --> Alert: alert    --> {{c4::Drowsy}}/lethargic: awake but sleepy, needing…
Published	08/09/2023	{{c1::Orientation}}: awareness of personal identity, place, time, and recent events • Requires both {{c2::memory}} and {{c3::attention}}. • Ofte…
Published	08/09/2023	Inspection of {{c3::conjunctiva}}• ”I’d like to look at your eyes… light… pull down” • Use finger to pull down lower lid and examines conjun…
Published	08/09/2023	Anatomy review: Blood Circulation• Left atrium –> {{c1::Mitral}} valve –> Left ventricle –> {{c2::Aortic}} valve –> Ao…
Published	08/09/2023	Inspect fingernails and capillary refill• “Can I take a look at your hands?” • Blanch finger tip or nail bed, release, estimate time it takes for {{c5…
Published	08/09/2023	Palpation of radial pulses• Background: pulses (impulses with each cardiac {{c1::contraction}}) are normally palpable and symmetric in wrists, arms, n…
Published	08/09/2023	Inspection for jugular {{c1::venous}} distension• pressure in {{c2::right atrium}} (where all veins eventually drain) = {{c3::central venous…
Published	08/09/2023	Cardiac auscultation: listening to {{c10::heart}}• auscultation of 4 heart {{c1::valves}} with {{c12::diaphragm}} of stethoscope→ Right second in…
Published	08/09/2023	Pulmonary auscultation: listening to {{c1::lung}} for breathing {{c2::effort}}*use {{c8::diaphragm}} of stethoscope --> normal breathing:…
Published	08/09/2023	Abdominal: inspection, {{c6::palpation}} in 4 quadrants for {{c1::tenderness}} • {{c2::Xyphoid}} to pubic bone • Pull out foot rest as they are reclin…
Published	08/09/2023	Extremities: inspection, palpation for {{c1::edema}}• “Could I check your feet.. Just gonna press gently, let me know if it’s tender” • Inspect textur…
Published	08/09/2023	Neurologic/strength test: assess strength at {{c5::elbows}} and {{c6::knees}} (both flexion and extension)• “Go like this [show]… don’t let me pull / …
Published	08/09/2023	Review Survey Physical Exam Techniques:
Published	08/09/2023	Example of documentation organized by system:
Published	08/09/2023	5 Ws for a drug
Published	08/09/2023	What you know about a particular disease is called your “{{c1::illness script}}” for that disease
Published	08/09/2023	Medical {{c1::diagnoses}} are labels that inform understanding, prognosis, and appropriate management of an illness.
Published	08/09/2023	proximate vs endpoint diagnosis example:→ “anemia” is only a {{c1::proximate}} diagnosis because there are different types of anemia, each i…
Published	08/09/2023	Central to the HPI is a detailed, {{c1::chronological}} report of the patient’s {{c2::experience}} of illness
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Published	08/09/2023	{{c1::lung}} auscultation in 10 different points→ 4 anterior→ 6 posterior
Published	08/09/2023	Science of Thinking & Learning - Osmosis{{c1::spaced repetition}}: spacing out your learning and practice of new knowledge or skills → increases l…
Published	08/09/2023	Science of Thinking & Learning - FLEX Lecturesteps of memory formation:- {{c2::encoding}}: info from senses being stored in short term memory-&nbs…
Published	08/09/2023	clinical encounter{{c1::clinician}}-centered approach focuses on understanding the disease pathology, symptoms, and other details, but fails to consid…
Published	08/11/2023	{{c1::social determinants of health (SDOH)}} are the nonmedical factors that influence and have a major impact on health outcomes → must be accounted …
Published	08/09/2023	Normal vital signs:• Temperature     {{c1::35.3 – 37.7::range}} C ({{c2::95.5 – 99.9::range}} F) orally• Heart rate     …
Published	08/11/2023	Exam Review:the levels of consciousness can be alert, somnolent or {{c1::lethargic}} (sleepy/drowsy), {{c2::obtunded}} (needing physical touch to stay…
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