Notes in 07 Spine trauma

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Published	05/01/2023	eddfb9364c514f43b09e91a10fd12176-ao-1
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Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe Denis three-column concept includes the {{c1::anterior}}, {{c1::middle}}, and {{c1::posterior}} columns
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDenis three-column concept:Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) → {{c1::Anterior}} column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDenis three-column concept:Anterior vertebral body and disc → {{c1::Anterior}} column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDenis three-column concept:Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) → {{c1::Middle}} column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDenis three-column concept:Posterior vertebral body/cortex and disc → {{c1::Middle}} column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDenis three-column concept:Ligamentum flavum → {{c1::Posterior}} column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDenis three-column concept:Interspinous ligament → {{c1::Posterior}} column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDenis three-column concept:Supraspinous ligament → {{c1::Posterior}} column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDenis three-column concept:Posterior elements and facets → {{c1::Posterior}} column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe ligaments of the Posterior ligamentous complex include the {{c1::ligamentum flavum}}, {{c2::interspinous ligament…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe Denis three-column concept helps to classify injury {{c1::severity}} and spinal fracture {{c2::morphology}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaFractures or ligamentous injury involving only one column → {{c1::generally stable::stable/unstable}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaFractures or ligamentous injury involving two or more columns → {{c1::unstable::stable/unstable}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaEach column in the Denies three-column concept has ligamentous and osseous {{c1::stabilizers}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaIn the Denis three-column concept, the middle column consists of the posterior {{c1::½::ratio}} - {{c1::⅓::ratio}} of…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe {{c2::Posterior ligamentous complex (PLC)}} is a primary {{c1::stabilizer}} of the posterior spinal column
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhich 2 intervals should be evaluated in every lateral cervical spine radiograph?{{c1::basion-dental interval}} and {{c2::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOn lateral radiograph, increased {{c1::basion-dental::type}} interval >{{c2::12}} mm suggests {{c3::craniocervical diss…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOn lateral radiograph, increased {{c1::atlanto-dental::type}} interval >{{c2::2.5}} mm (adults) and >{{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaCase: Spine TraumaYellow arrows: widening of the atlanto-dental interval (ADI) to >10 mmDiagnosis: {{c1::anterior sublu…
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Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe atlanto-dental interval should be measured at the {{c1::bottom::location}} of the C1-C2 articulation
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe C1 vertebral body is known as the {{c1::atlas}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe C2 vertebral body is known as the {{c1::axis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOn CT, normal basion-dental interval should be <{{c1::10}} mm
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOn CT, normal atlanto-dental interval should be <{{c1::2}} mm
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhich 4 primary osseous contours should be evaluated in every lateral cervical spine radiograph?{{c1::anterior v…
Published	05/01/2023	08970ae02b3f40669ebcaee50fe78da0-ao-1
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Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe {{c1::Anterior vertebral}} line traces the {{c2::anterior}} margin of the vertebral bodies
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe prevertebral soft tissues are located {{c1::anterior::relative location}} to the anterior vertebral line
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe {{c1::Posterior vertebral}} line traces the {{c2::posterior}} margin of the vertebral bodies and the {{c2::anteri…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe {{c2::spinal canal}} is the space between the {{c1::posterior vertebral}} and {{c1::spinolaminar}} line…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe {{c1::Spinolaminar}} line traces the {{c2::posterior}} margin of the spinal canal
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe {{c1::Spinous process}} line traces the {{c2::posterior tips}} of the spinous processes
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Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaPer the ACR appropriateness criteria for suspected spine trauma (last revised 2018), patients must be >{{c1::16}}y…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaIs there a role for x-rays in “low energy” trauma if imaging is not indicated on clinical grounds?{{c1::No}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhat is the preferred initial imaging modality to assess suspected spine trauma?{{c1::CT*}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhat is the preferred imaging modality to assess suspected spinal cord injury, cord compression, or ligamentous …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaMRI should be performed in spine trauma patients with concern for {{c1::spinal cord injury}}, {{c2::cord compression}}, or…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe {{c4::Subaxial}} and {{c4::Thoracolumbar}} injury classification and severity scales (SLICS, TLICS)&nbs…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaSpinal injuries with >{{c2::4}} points on SLICS or TLICS criteria → usually treated {{c1::surgically::surgica…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOccipital condyle fractures are {{c1::uncommon::common/uncommon}} sequelae of spine trauma
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOccipital condyle fractures:Type {{c1::I (stable)}} → {{c2::axial loading::mechanism}} causes non-displaced {{c3::comminut…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOccipital condyle fractures:Type {{c1::II (stable)}} → {{c3::direct blow::mechanism}} causing {{c2::linear::type}} basilar…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOccipital condyle fractures:Type {{c1::III (unstable)}} → {{c2::flexion-distraction::mechanism}} injury causing {{c3::avul…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaOccipital condyle fractures:most common type of occipital condyle fracture → {{c1::Type III (unstable)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhich imaging modality is important for determining stability and ligament integrity in occipital condyle fractures?{{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhich imaging modality can help differentiate between type I vs. minimally displaced type III avulsion fractures…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Jefferson}} fracture results from acute {{c2::axial blow to the vertex::mechanism}} of the head, causing symmet…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaJefferson fracture on open-mouth odontoid radiograph shows {{c1::lateral displacement}} of the the lateral masses of C1&nb…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaJefferson fractures are best assessed on {{c1::axial CT::view + modality}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaCase: Axial loading spinal traumaYellow arrow: fracture of the {{c1::anterior arch::structure}} of C1 near the midlineRed …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThis is a Type {{c1::I}} odontoid fracture
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThis is a Type {{c1::II}} odontoid fracture
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThis is a Type {{c1::III}} odontoid fracture
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaFractures of the odontoid process of C2 are usually caused by {{c1::flexion::mechanism}} injuries
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaType {{c1::I}} odontoid fracture is a fracture of the {{c2::distal tip}} of the dens
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaType {{c1::II}} odontoid fracture is a fracture of the {{c2::base}} of the dens
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaType {{c1::III}} odontoid fracture is a fracture of the {{c2::base}} of the dens extending into the {{c2::axis body}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhich type of odontoid fracture is considered stable?{{c1::Type I}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhich type of odontoid fracture is considered unstable?{{c1::Type II}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhich type of odontoid fracture is variably considered as both stable and unstable?{{c1::Type III}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaTreatment of type I odontoid fracture → {{c1::conservative management}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaTreatment of type II odontoid fracture → {{c1::surgical fusion}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDDX of Type {{c2::I}} odontoid fracture includes {{c1::os odontoideum}}, which is a normal variant {{c1::secondary ossific…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Hangman’s}} fracture is a traumatic spondylolysis of C2
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Hangman’s}} fracture results from {{c2::hyperextension::mechanism}} and {{c2::distraction::mechanism}}, causing bila…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaHangman’s fracture on radiograph shows disruption of the {{c1::spinolaminar}} line
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaHangman’s fracture with >{{c1::3}} mm displacement of C2 on C3 is likely {{c2::unstable::stable/unstable}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Burst}} fracture is similar in mechanism and appearance to a Jefferson fracture, but occurs at C{{c2::2}}–C{{c2…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaCase: Hyperflexion and compression spinal injuryYellow arrow: anterior {{c1::teardrop}} fragment and {{c1::retropulsi…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaWhich fracture is the most severe cervical spinal injury that is potentially compatible with life?{{c1::Flexion teard…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Flexion}} teardrop fracture results from {{c2::hyperflexion::mechanism}} and {{c2::compression::mechanism}…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaPosterior displacement of the vertebral body in {{c1::Flexion::Flexion/Extension/Both}} teardrop&…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Flexion and Extension::Flexion/Extension/Both}} teardrop fractures on lateral radiographs show {{c2::anteroinfe…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaIn Flexion teardrop fractures, the vertebral body is displaced {{c2::posteriorly::direction}}, often {{c3::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaFlexion teardrop fractures can cause {{c1::anterior cord}} syndrome due to compression of the {{c2::pyramidal (c…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaCase: Hyperextension spinal injuryYellow arrow: minimally displaced {{c1::fracture}} of the anterior/inferior corner …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c2::Flexion::flexion/extension}} teardrop fractures are {{c1::unstable::stable/unstable}} and usually occur {{c1::l…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c2::Extension::flexion/extension}} teardrop fractures are {{c1::stable::stable/unstable}} and usually occur {{c1::h…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Extension}} teardrop fracture results from {{c2::hyperextension::mechanism}} of the head
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDo Extension teardrop fractures cause vertebral body retropulsion or posterior ligamentous complex disruption?{{c1::No}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaIs the spinolaminar line disrupted in Extension teardrop fracture?{{c1::No}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaIs the spinolaminar line disrupted in Flexion teardrop fracture?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaIn Extension teardrop fractures, the fractured fragment is typically {{c1::taller::taller/shorter}} in {{c2…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Clay-shoveler’s}} fracture is a {{c4::displaced::displaced/non-displaced}} {{c3::avulsion::type?}} fracture of a {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaClay-shoveler’s fracture results from {{c1::forced flexion::mechanism}} of the head
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaClay-shoveler’s fracture is most commonly seen in the {{c1::lower cervical/upper thoracic (C6-T1)}} region
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Bilateral interfacetal dislocation}} is also known as {{c2::bilateral locked facets}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaBilateral interfacetal dislocation results from {{c1::hyperflexion::mechanism}} of the head
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Bilateral interfacetal dislocation}} is the complete disruption of all {{c2::spinal ligaments::structures}} and resu…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaBilateral interfacetal dislocations are {{c1::unstable::stable/unstable}} with a high risk of {{c1::cord}} damag…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaBilateral interfacetal dislocation is most commonly seen in the {{c1::lower cervical}} region
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaBilateral interfacetal dislocation may show {{c1::naked facet}} sign, when superior articular facets are {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaA less severe variation of locked facets is called {{c1::Perched facets}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Perched}} facet describes a subluxated, {{c2::non-displaced::displaced/nondisplaced}} inferior articular facet …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaPerched facets feature {{c1::anterior::direction}} facet subluxation of >{{c2::3}} mm but <{{c2::50}}% seen in …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Unilateral interfacetal}} dislocation is dislocation of a single facet joint
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaUnilateral interfacetal dislocation results from {{c1::hyperflexion::mechanism}} and {{c1::rotation::mechanism}} of the&nb…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaIn Unilateral interfacetal dislocation, the side of dislocation is {{c1::contra::ipsi/contra}}-lateral to t…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaUnilateral interfacetal dislocations are {{c1::stable::stable/unstable}} fractures
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Grisel}} syndrome is a nontraumatic, {{c2::rotatory subluxation::mechanism}} of the {{c3::atlantoaxial joint (C1–C2)…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaGrisel syndrome occurs secondary to {{c1::inflammatory masses::etiology}}, most commonly a sequela of {{c2::phar…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaIndirect imaging findings of {{c1::Posterior ligamentous complex (PLC)}} injury include: FIBSF: {{c2::Facet joint widening…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaCase: Rigid Spine Hyperextension spine injury in patient with DISHCT Yellow arrows: marked {{c1::widening}} of the T1…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaRigid spine (eg, DISH, ankylosing spondylitis, spondylosis) or post-Fusion surgery patients are {{c1::more::more/less…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaShould Rigid spine patients receive imaging if they have back pain even after minor trauma?{{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaRigid spine fractures most commonly result from {{c2::hyperextension::mechanism}} injuries
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c2::Chance}} fractures are also known as {{c1::Seat belt}} fractures
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaChance fracture is a result of {{c1::flexion-distraction::mechanism}} injury caused by acute forward {{c2::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaChance fracture causes {{c1::horizontal splitting}} of the vertebra beginning {{c2::posteriorly (spino…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaChance fractures are {{c1::unstable::stable/unstable}} fractures
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c1::Chance::spine}} fractures are often associated with {{c2::intra-abdominal}} injuries, especially in {{c3::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaCase: Rapid Deceleration in MVCLeft / Middle Yellow arrows: minimally displaced transverse {{c1::fracture}} through the L1…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDoes the Denis three-column model consider the mechanism of injury or patient's neurological status?{{c1::No}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDo the SLICS or TLICS scores consider the patient's neurological status?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaDo the SLICS or TLICS scores consider the patient's underlying medical conditions that may affect managment…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal Trauma{{c4::AO Spine}} classification system for spinal trauma incorporates: {{c1::fracture morphology}} {{c2::neurological stat…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaThe AO Spine system describes 4 different classifications depending on fracture location: {{c1::upper cervical spine (occi…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaAO Spine system - Upper cervical spine injuries (occiput to C2–3 joint):Type A: {{c1::Bony}} injury ({{c4::stable::st…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaAO Spine system - Subaxial cervical spine injuries (C3-C7):Type A: {{c1::Compression}} fractures (no ligame…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Spinal TraumaAO Spine system - Thoracolumbar spine injuries (T1-L5):Type A: {{c1::Compression}} fractures (eg, wedge, bu…
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