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Published	12/13/2024	Common stains for fungi are:1. {{c1::Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)}} -> stains fungi bright {{c2::pink}}.2. {{c3::Gomori methenamine silver (GMS)}} -&…
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::mesenchymal}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::Vimentin}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::epithelial}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::Cytokeratins}}.2. {{c3::Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::nerve sheath/Schwannian}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::SOX10}}.2. {{c3::S100}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::pan-hematopoietic}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::CD45/LCA}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::lipomatous}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::S100}} (IHC rarely used).
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::melanocytic}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::SOX10}} (first-line marker).2. {{c3::S100}}.3. {{c4::HMB45 (human melanoma black…
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::glial}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::GFAP (glial fibrillary astrocytic protein)}}.2. {{c3::OLIG2 (oligodendrocyte transcrip…
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::neuroendocrine}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::Synaptophysin (SYN)}}.2. {{c3::Chromogranin A (CHR)}}.3. {{c4::CD56/NCAM (neu…
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::pan-T cell}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::CD3}}.2. {{c3::CD43}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of {{c1::plasma cell}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::CD138}}.2. {{c3::Kappa/lambda light chains}} (normal 2-3:1 ratio).
Published	12/13/2024	Markers of specific {{c1::striated muscle}} differentiation are:1. {{c2::Myogenin}}.2. {{c3::MyoD}}.
Published	12/13/2024	For BENIGN or NON-invasive prostatic disorder IHC findings include:- p63/p40: {{c1::+ (nuclear)}}.- CK903: {{c2::+ (cytoplasmic)}}.- AMACR/racema…
Published	12/13/2024	For INVASIVE prostate carcinomas IHC findings include:- p63/p40: {{c1::- (nuclear)}}.- CK903: {{c2::- (cytoplasmic)}}.- AMACR/racemase:&nbsp…
Published	12/13/2024	The "standard" prostate panel for IHC includes:1. {{c1::p63/p40 (marker of basal cells)}}.2. {{c2::CK903 (marker of basal cells)}}.3. {{c3::AMACR/race…
Published	12/13/2024	Carcinomas derived from {{c1::breast}} tissue have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::GATA3 (>90%)}}.2. {{c3::ER/PR (60%)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Adenocarcinomas derived from {{c1::lung}} tissue have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::TTF-1 (80%)}}.2. {{c3::Napsin A (80%)}}.&n…
Published	12/13/2024	Carcinomas derived from {{c1::intestinal}} tissue have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::CDX2}}.2. {{c3::Villin}}. 3. {{c4::S…
Published	12/13/2024	Carcinomas derived from {{c1::gallbladder}} and {{c2::stomach}} tissue have NO specific IHC markers available.
Published	12/13/2024	Carcinomas derived from {{c1::renal}} tissue have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::PAX8}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Adenocarcinoma derived from {{c1::pancreatic}} tissue have IHC markers {{c3::negative}} for:1. {{c2::DPC4 (SMAD4) -> 55% sensit…
Published	12/13/2024	Thyroid {{c5::papillary}} and {{c6::follicular}} carcinoma have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::TTF-1}}.2. {{c3::…
Published	12/13/2024	Thyroid {{c1::medullary}} carcinoma have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::TTF-1}}.2. {{c3::Calcitonin}}. 3. {{c4::PAX8 …
Published	12/13/2024	Carcinomas derived from {{c1::gynecological tract}} tissue have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::PAX8 (pan Mullerian)}}.2. {{c3::…
Published	12/13/2024	Carcinomas derived from {{c1::prostate}} tissue have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::NKX3.1 (most sensitive and specific)}}.2. {…
Published	12/13/2024	Carcinomas derived from {{c1::bladder/urothelial}} tissue have IHC markers positive for:1. {{c2::GATA3}}.2. {{c3::Uroplakin (high …
Published	12/13/2024	What are the 4 staining patterns associated with p53 IHC?1. {{c1::Wild type}}.2. {{c1::Overexpression (abnormal)}}.3. {{c1::Null (abnormal)}}.4. {{c1:…
Published	12/13/2024	Cytokeratins are calssifed as:- {{c1::Acidic/Type A/Class I}}: {{c2::CK 9-20}} (#s).- {{c1::Basic/Type B/Class II}}: {{c2::CK 1-8}} (#s).
Published	12/13/2024	Cytokeratins are calssifed as:- {{c1::Low-molecular weight}}: {{c2::CK 7-8, CK 18-20}}.- {{c1::High-molecular weight}}: {{c2::CK 1-6, CK 9-17}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Cytokeratins can be crudely classified as:- {{c1::HMWCK}} = "squamous" keratins.- {{c1::LMWCK}} = "non-squamous"/"visceral" keratins.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::CK AE1}} cocktail stains {{c2::acidic CKs (except 9, 12, 17, 18)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::CK AE3}} cocktail stains {{c2::basic CKs (CK 1-8)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::CK 903}} cocktail stains {{c2::HMWCKs (CK 1, 5, 10, 14)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	CK7{{c2::+}} and CK20{{c2::+}} expression is typically {{c1::peri-diaphragmatic GI organs (pancreas, biliary tree, stomach)}} and {{c1::bladder}}.
Published	12/13/2024	CK7{{c2::+}} and CK20{{c2::-}} expression is typically {{c1::above-the-diaphragm organs (lung, breast, thyroid, salivary gland)}} and {{c1::female GYN…
Published	12/13/2024	CK7{{c2::-}} and CK20{{c2::+}} expression is typically {{c1::below-the-diaphragm GI tract (colorectum)}} and {{c1::Merkel cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	CK7{{c2::-}} and CK20{{c2::-}} expression is typically {{c1:Simple visceral epithelia: liver, kidney, and prostate (except the colon)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The first-line IHC stains for neuroendocrine tumor workup aree:- {{c1::Synaptophysin}} (more sensitive).- {{c1::Chromogranin}} (more specific).
Published	12/13/2024	The best immunohistochemistry stain to differentiate a mesothelioma from a carcinoma is {{c1::claudin-4}}, which will be:- Positive in {{c1::carc…
Published	12/13/2024	Positive immunohistochemistry markers for mesothelial cells include:1. {{c1::Calretinin}}.2. {{c2::WT1}}.3. {{c3::CK5/6}} (specific keratin).4. {{c4::…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::c-kit/CD117}} immunohistochemistry can help distinguish between a thymoma and thymic carcinoma (thymic carcinoma will show {{c1::posit…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the general differential approach to a spindle cell neoplasm (examples)?1. {{c4::Muscle}} ({{c4::leiomyoma}}, {{c4::leiomyosarcoma}}, {{c4::rh…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::BAP1}}  immunohistochemistry can help distinguish mesothelioma from reactive mesothelial proliferations (mesothelioma will show {…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Factor XIIIa}} immunohistochemistry can be used to differentiate between dermatofibroma and dermatosarcoma protuberans.1. Positive in {{c1:…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::PAX8}} staining is helpful for determining carcinomas from the following site of origin:1. {{c2::Thyroid}}.2. {{c3::Renal}}. 3. {{c4::…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::ER}} staining is helpful for determining carcinomas from the following site of origin:1. {{c2::Breast}}. 2. {{c3::Gynecologi…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::TTF-1}} staining is helpful for determining carcinomas from the following site of origin:1. {{c2::Thyroid}}. 2. {{c3::Lung}}…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::CDX2}} staining is helpful for determining carcinomas from the following site of origin:1. {{c2::Colorectal/enteric (diffuse)}}.2…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::GATA3}} staining is helpful for determining carcinomas from the following site of origin:1. {{c2::Breast}}.2. {{c3::Urothelial}}.…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::WT1}} staining is helpful for determining carcinomas from the following site of origin:1. {{c2::Serous carcinomas}}.2. {{c3::Meso…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry markers for {{c2::vascular}} differentiation in order of both sensitivity and specificity are: {{c1::ERG}} &g…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::HMB45 (human melanoma black)}} recognizes the {{c2::gp100}} protein, which is present in {{c1::premelanosomes}}.
Published	12/13/2024	General approach to a differential for a small round blue cell tumor:1. L = {{c1::Lymphoma}}.2. E = {{c2::Ewing sarcoma}}.3. A = {{c3::Alveolar rhabdo…
Published	12/13/2024	A step-wise GENERAL approach to an unknown lesion is:{{c1::a) Neoplastic -> benign vs malignant (primary vs secondary).b) Non-neoplastic -> cong…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry markers of {{c3::myeloid cells}} include:1. {{c1::MPO}}.2. {{c2::CD68}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry marker(s) of {{c3::lymphoblasts}} include {{c4::TdT}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry marker(s) of {{c3::histiocytes}} include:1. {{c1::CD163}}.2. {{c2::CD68}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::CD5}} immunohistochemistry is classically positive in:1. {{c1::T-cells}} (normal cell type).2. {{c3::CLL/SLL}} (disease state).3. {{c4::Man…
Published	12/13/2024	The immunohistochemical marker(s) of {{c1::CD1a}} identify:1. {{c2::Langerhans cells}} (normal).2. {{c3::cortical thymocytes}} (normal).
Published	12/13/2024	The immunohistochemical marker(s) of {{c1::CD123}} and {{c2::TCL-1}} identify:1. {{c3::Plasmocytoid dendritic cells}} (normal).
Published	12/13/2024	The immunohistochemical marker(s) of {{c1::CD56}} and {{c2::CD23}} identify:1. {{c3::Follicular dendritic cells}} (normal).2. {{c4…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry pan-{{c1::T cell}} markers include:1. {{c2::CD2}}.2. {{c2::CD3}}.3. {{c2::CD5}}.4. {{c2::CD7}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::OCT4}} is a {{c2::nuclear}} immunohistochestry stain (nuclear VS cytoplasmic) that is useful for working up testicular germ cell …
Published	12/13/2024	Seminomas will typically have the following immunohistochemistry results with a "testicular germ cell panel":1. OCT4 = {{c1::positive}}.2. C-KIT/CD117…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Embryonal carcinomas}} will typically have the following immunohistochemistry results with a "testicular germ cell panel":1. OCT4 = {{…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Yolk sac tumors}} will typically have the following immunohistochemistry results with a "testicular germ cell panel":1. OCT4 = {{c1::n…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Yolk sac tumors}} typically have the following key immunohistochemistry staining:Positive: {{c1::Glypican3}}, {{c1::AFP}}, {{c1::SALL4}}.Ne…
Published	12/13/2024	Common immunohistochemical stains for smooth muscle include:1. {{c1::Smooth muscle actin}}.2. {{c2::Desmin}}.3. {{c4::Calponin}}.4. {{c3::H-caldesmon}…
Published	12/13/2024	Neoplasms that can have BRG1 loss include:1. {{c1::Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type}}.2. {{c2::Malignant rhabdoid tumors}} (rarel…
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c10::Movat's}} stain colors correspond to the following cellular components:1. {{c1::Black}} = {{c5::elastic}}, {{c5::nuclei}}.2. {{c2…
Published	12/13/2024	The modified Movat's stain does NOT have the {{c1::blue}} color staining of the traditional Movat's stain which corresponds to {{c1::mu…
Published	12/13/2024	HER2 immunohistochemistry is graded/scored, interpretted as, and shows staining patterns of: - {{c1::0}} = {{c2::negative}} ({{c3::no staining OR…
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