Notes in Chapter_06:_Antibiotics

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Published	07/07/2024	Antiseptics kill and inhibit organisms on {{c1::the body}}
Published	07/07/2024	Disinfectants kill and inhibit organisms on {{c1::inanimate objects}}
Published	07/07/2024	A commonly used antiseptic in surgery that is not very effective against fungi is {{c1::iodophors}}
Published	07/07/2024	A commonly used antiseptic in surgery that is effective against fungi is {{c1::chlorhexidine gluconate}}
Published	07/07/2024	Antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins work by inhibiting bacterial {{c1::cell wall synthesis}}
Published	07/07/2024	Antibiotics like tetracycline and aminoglycosides work by inhibiting bacterial {{c1::30s ribosomal subunits}}
Published	07/07/2024	Antibiotics like macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid, and Synercid work by inhibiting bacterial {{c1::50s ribosomal subunits}}
Published	07/07/2024	The class of antibiotics that inhibit topoisomerase enzymes is the {{c1::quinolones}}
Published	07/07/2024	An antibiotic that inhibits RNA polymerase is {{c1::rifampin}}
Published	07/07/2024	An antibiotic that produces oxygen radicals that breaks up DNA is {{c1::metronidazole}}
Published	07/07/2024	A class of antibiotic that acts as a PABA analog and inhibits folate synthesis is {{c1::sulfonamides}}
Published	07/07/2024	An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase is {{c1::trimethoprim}}
Published	07/07/2024	The only class of antibiotic protein synthesis inhibitor that is considered bactericidal is {{c1::aminoglycosides}}
Published	07/07/2024	Most strains of Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to penicillins due to production of {{c1::beta-lactamase}}
Published	07/07/2024	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) gains resistance via altered {{c1::penicillin binding proteins (PBP)}}
Published	07/07/2024	Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) gets resistance via altered {{c1::peptidoglycan structure}}
Published	07/07/2024	Resistance to gentamicin occurs due to a decrease in {{c1::active transport}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common method for bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance is via {{c1::plasmid transfer}}
Published	07/07/2024	The appropriate peak level for vancomycin is {{c1::20}} to {{c1::40}} micrograms per mL
Published	07/07/2024	The appropriate trough level for vancomycin is {{c1::5}} to {{c1::10}} micrograms per mL
Published	07/07/2024	The appropriate peak level for gentamicin is {{c1::6}} to {{c1::10}} micrograms per mL
Published	07/07/2024	The appropriate trough level for gentamicin is {{c1::0}} to {{c1::1}} micrograms per mL
Published	07/07/2024	A drug level that has too high of a peak should have the dose {{c1::amount}} decreased
Published	07/07/2024	A drug level that has too high of a trough should have the dose {{c1::frequency}} decreased
Published	07/07/2024	Is penicillin effective against Staphylococcus?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Is penicillin effective against Enterococcus?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Oxacillin, methicillin, and nafcillin are known as the anti-{{c1::Staph}} pencillins
Published	07/07/2024	Are ampicillin and amoxicillin effective against Enterococcus?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Are ampicillin and amoxicillin effective against Staphylococcus?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Unasyn is a combination of {{c1::ampicillin}} and {{c1::sulbactam}}
Published	07/07/2024	Augmentin is a combination of {{c1::amoxicillin}} and {{c1::clavulanic acid}}
Published	07/07/2024	Are Unasyn and Augmentin effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Are ticarcillin and piperacillin effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Side effects of ticarcillin and piperacillin include {{c2::platelet}} inhibition and {{c1::high salt}} load
Published	07/07/2024	Timentin is a combination of {{c1::ticarcillin}} and {{c1::clavulanic acid}}
Published	07/07/2024	Zosyn is a combination of {{c1::piperacillin}} and {{c1::tazobactam}}
Published	07/07/2024	Zosyn is dosed by giving it {{c1::4}} time(s) a day
Published	07/07/2024	The 1st-generation cephalosporin with the longest half-life is {{c1::cefazolin}}
Published	07/07/2024	The 2nd-generation cephalosporin with the longest half-life is {{c1::cefotetan}}
Published	07/07/2024	Do 1st-generation cephalosporins penetrate the blood-brain barrier?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Are 1st-generation cephalosporins effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::2nd-generation}} cephalosporins are not effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia.
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::3rd-generation::Drug type}} cephalosporins are effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia.
Published	07/07/2024	Is aztreonam effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Carbapenems are NOT effective against MEPM{{c3::RSA}}E{{c2::nterococcus}}P{{c1::roteus}}
Published	07/07/2024	To prolong half-life, carbapenems are given with {{c1::cilastatin}}
Published	07/07/2024	A notable neurologic side effect of carbapenems is {{c1::seizures}}
Published	07/07/2024	Bactrim is a combination of {{c1::trimethoprim}} and {{c1::sulfamethoxazole}}
Published	07/07/2024	Is Bactrim effective against Enterococcus?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Is Bactrim effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Are quinolones effective against Enterococcus?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Are quinolones effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Ciprofloxacin is dosed by giving it {{c1::2}} time(s) a day
Published	07/07/2024	Levofloxacin is dosed by giving it {{c1::1}} time(s) a day
Published	07/07/2024	Tendon ruptures are a unique side effect of the {{c1::quinolone}} antibiotic class
Published	07/07/2024	Are aminoglycosides effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Are aminoglycosides effective against anaerobes?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Resistance to aminoglycosides occurs due to modifying enzymes leading to decreased {{c1::active transport}}
Published	07/07/2024	Beta-lactams like ampicillin and amoxicillin increase the effectiveness of the {{c1::aminoglycoside}} antibiotic class
Published	07/07/2024	The nephrotoxicity caused by aminoglycosides is {{c1::reversible}}(reversible or irreversible)
Published	07/07/2024	The ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides is {{c1::irreversible}}(reversible or irreversible)
Published	07/07/2024	Erythromycin is prokinetic for bowel because it binds to the {{c1::motilin}} receptor
Published	07/07/2024	Vancomycin can be used to treat C. difficile infection when given {{c1::orally}}
Published	07/07/2024	Resistance to vancomycin occurs due to a cell wall-binding protein change from D-ala-D-{{c1::ala}} to D-ala-D-{{c1::lac}}
Published	07/07/2024	Red man syndrome from vancomycin is due to {{c1::histamine}} release
Published	07/07/2024	Vancomycin is an example of a(n) {{c1::glycopeptide}} antibiotic
Published	07/07/2024	Synercid is a combination of {{c1::quinupristin}} and {{c1::dalfopristin}}
Published	07/07/2024	Linezolid is an example of a(n) {{c1::oxazolidinones}} antibiotic
Published	07/07/2024	An antibiotic class that can produce tooth discoloration in children is {{c1::tetracyclines}}
Published	07/07/2024	Can tetracyclines treat syphilis?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/07/2024	The classic antibiotic used for aspiration pneumonia is {{c1::clindamycin}}
Published	07/07/2024	The antibiotic most notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis is {{c1::clindamycin}}
Published	07/07/2024	Metronidazole can cause a {{c1::disulfram}}-like reaction
Published	07/07/2024	Long-term use of metronidazole can cause a side effect of {{c1::peripheral neuropathy}}
Published	07/07/2024	The antifungal drug amphotericin is known for its significant {{c1::nephro}}-toxicity
Published	07/07/2024	Amphotericin works by binding {{c1::ergosterol}} in fungal cell walls
Published	07/07/2024	Azole antifungals work by inhibiting inhibiting {{c1::ergosterol}} synthesis
Published	07/07/2024	Echinocandin antifungals work by inhibiting {{c1::beta glucan}} synthesis
Published	07/07/2024	A patient with persistent fever despite a prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be started on a(n) {{c1::echinocandin}}
Published	07/07/2024	Invasive aspergillosis is treated with {{c1::voriconazole}}
Published	07/07/2024	Candidemia is treated with a(n) {{c1::echinocandin}}
Published	07/07/2024	Fungal sepsis NOT caused by candida or aspergillus is treated with {{c1::liposomal amphotericin}}
Published	07/07/2024	The anti-tuberculosis drug associated with vitamin B6 deficiency is {{c1::isoniazid}}
Published	07/07/2024	The anti-tuberculosis drug that can cause a retrobulbar neuritis is {{c1::ethambutol}}
Published	07/07/2024	HSV infections are typically treated with {{c1::acyclovir}}
Published	07/07/2024	CMV infections are typically treated with {{c1::ganciclovir}}
Published	07/07/2024	Bone marrow and CNS toxicity are side effects of the anti-viral drug {{c1::ganciclovir}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Carbapenems::Drug type}} are effective against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Serratia
Status	Last Update	Fields