Notes in 01_Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

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Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Urinary tract infections (UTIs)}} are {{c1::infections in the bladder (cystitis) that can spread up to the kidneys causing complications su…
Published	02/10/2024	Common Causative Organism of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs){{c1::Escherichia coli — gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (mos…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs){{c1::Occur in children and men}}{{c1::Patients with abnormal renal tract (e.g. pelvi-ureteric …
Published	02/10/2024	Features of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs){{c1::Occur in healthy, sexually active young women, in which there is a clear correlation be…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)}} {{c1::Dysuria}} {{c1::Cloudy or foul smelling urine}} {{c1::Nocturia}} {{c1::Suprapubic pain}}…
Published	02/10/2024	Complications of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) {{c1::Pyelonephritis}} {{c1::Renal failure}} {{c1::Sepsis}}In Pregnancy {{c1::Premature rupture of m…
Published	02/10/2024	To distinguish between UTI and PyelonephritisSuspect pyelonephritis in patients with:{{c1::Fever}}{{c1::Loin/back pain}}{{c1::Nausea/vomiting}}{{c1::R…
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs){{c1::Bloods (raised inflammatory markers e.g. CRP and WCC)}} {{c1::Consider blood culture (if s…
Published	02/10/2024	In a urine dipstick, if {{c1::nitrites}}, {{c1::leukocytes}}, and {{c1::RBCs}} are positive then empirical therapy is recommended
Published	02/10/2024	A {{c1::Urine culture (MC&S): midstream urine (MSU)}} involves sending a sample for microscopy, culture and sensitivity testing in some cases of U…
Published	02/10/2024	Urine culture (MC&S)/Midstream urine (MSU) of Bacteria {{c1::> 10^5}} CFU/ml is indicative of bacterial infection
Published	02/10/2024	All pregnant women should have an {{c1::midstream urine (MSU)}} at the first antenatal visit
Published	02/10/2024	Patients with an uncomplicated UTI that require an midstream urine (MSU): {{c1::Pregnant patients}} {{c1::Recurrent UTIs}} {{c1::Persistent (when symp…
Published	02/10/2024	Remember that some of the elderly population, and patients with catheters will have {{c1::bacteria}} in their urine, which is not necessarily a u…
Published	02/10/2024	You could think about UTIs as {{c1::significant}} and {{c1::symptomatic}} bacteriuria, but not all cases of bacteria in urine are UTIs.
Published	02/10/2024	If the patient is <65 years of age consider doing a urine dipstick, if it shows Nitrites, it is highly suggestive of UTITreatment: {{c1::…
Published	02/10/2024	If the patient is >65 years of age or complicated UTI (i.e. pregnant, catheter) consider doing a urine cultureIf the urine culture shows Bacteria &…
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of Nonpregnant Women with Lower UTI{{c1::3 days of Trimethoprim or Nitrofurantoin in nonpregnant women}}
Published	02/10/2024	Antibiotics for Uncomplicated UTIs {{c1::Trimethoprim (avoid in pregnancy, associated with neural tube defects as its a folate antagonist)}} {{c1::Nit…
Published	02/10/2024	Duration of Antibiotic Treatment for UTI in Non-Pregnant Women is {{c1::3 days}}
Published	02/10/2024	Duration of Antibiotic Treatment for UTI in Pregnant Women is {{c1::7 days}}
Published	02/10/2024	Antibiotics for UTIs in Pregnancy{{c1::7}} days of treatment with {{c1::Nitrofurantoin}}, {{c1::Amoxicillin}}, or {{c1::Cefalexin}}
Published	02/10/2024	Avoid {{c1::Nitrofurantoin}}, an antibiotic for UTI, in the {{c2::third}} trimester due to risk of {{c2::neonatal haemolysis}}
Published	02/10/2024	Avoid {{c1::Trimethoprim}}, an antibiotic for UTI, in {{c3::pregnancy}} due to risk of {{c2::neural tube defects}}
Published	02/10/2024	Antibiotics for Complicated UTIs {{c1::Ciprofloxacin}} {{c1::Ceftriaxone}} {{c1::Gentamicin}} {{c1::Co-amoxiclav}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::3}} days of antibiotics for Uncomplicated/Simple UTI in women
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::5-10}} days of antibiotics for Complicated UTI: immunosuppressed women, abnormal anatomy or impaired kidney function
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::7}} days of antibiotics for men, pregnant women or catheter-related UTIs
Published	02/10/2024	Lifestyle Advice given to young women regarding UTIs {{c1::Fluid intake 2L per day}} {{c1::Void every 2-3 hrs/day}} {{c1::Urinate before bedtime and a…
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