Notes in Diabetic Medications

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/11/2023	Hypoglycemics are used to treat {{c1::diabetes mellitus}}, condition of high blood sugar
Published	09/11/2023	Diabetes Mellitus*occurs when your body has trouble moving glucose from your {{c5::blood}} into your cells → high {{c5::blood}} glucose levels but cel…
Published	09/11/2023	pancreatic beta cells*main site of action of {{c1::sulfonylureas}}- have {{c3::calcium}} and ({{c7::ATP}} sensitive) {{c4::potassium}} ion channe…
Published	09/11/2023	Sulfonylureas*two classes of sulfonylureas, both taken {{c1::orally}}: → 1st generation: {{c2::chlorproPAMIDE}}, {{c3::TOLBUTamide}}, {{c4::TOLAZamide…
Published	09/11/2023	Meglitinides- prevent ATP-sensitive {{c1::potassium}} pumps from opening*same mechanism as sulfonylureas, but more {{c4::rapid}}-acting with {{c4::sho…
Published	09/11/2023	Incretins- {{c5::hormones}} that aid in lowering blood glucose levels by stimulating {{c1::insulin release}} after a meal*incretins account for 60 to …
Published	09/11/2023	DPP-4 ({{c1::Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4}}) inhibitors- examples: {{c5::SITagliptin}} and {{c6::sAXagliptin}}*administered {{c8::orally}}, unlike…
Published	09/11/2023	mnemonic for insulin secretagogues: insulin castle
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Published	09/11/2023	insulin is produced by beta cells found within clusters of endocrine cells called the {{c1::Islets of Langerhans}} distributed across the pancreas
Published	09/11/2023	two common insulin-responsive tissues are {{c1::muscle}} cells and {{c2::adipose}} tissue
Published	09/11/2023	insulin receptor- {{c2::alpha}} subunits: located outside cell,  bind insulin- {{c2::beta}} subunits: within cell, have {{c1::tyrosine kinase}} a…
Published	09/11/2023	exogenous insulinscan be used for type 1 and later stages of type 2 DM- insulins administered {{c1::subcutaneously}} → broken down in GI tractinject…
Published	09/11/2023	insulin preparations*categorized according to their {{c1::onset}} of action and {{c1::duration}} of effect:→ {{c2::rapid}}-acting→ {{c2::short}}-…
Published	09/11/2023	{{c10::insulins}} are preferred medications in managing diabetes in {{c9::pregnancy}} and {{c9::breastfeeding}}
Published	09/11/2023	rapid-acting insulins - insulin {{c1::aspart}}, {{c2::lispro}}, {{c3::glulisine}}   - administered {{c4::subcutaneously}} - modified versions of…
Published	09/11/2023	short-acting / regular insulin- only type of insulin that could be administered {{c1::subcutaneously}} and {{c1::intravenously}}  - {{c2::hexamer…
Published	09/11/2023	intermediate-acting insulin *aka {{c1::neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)}} insulin    - created through addition of protamine and {{c2:…
Published	09/11/2023	long-acting insulin- insulin {{c2::glargine}} and {{c1::detemir}}- {{c2::glargine}} forms a precipitate of microcrystals at site of injection → signif…
Published	09/11/2023	ultra long-acting insulin- insulin {{c1::degludec}}- formed by the deletion of a single {{c2::amino acid}} from regular insulin- {{c3::depot injection…
Published	09/11/2023	side effects of insulin therapy- risk of {{c1::hypoglycemia}} due to administration of too much insulin*more common with insulins that have a {{c2::pe…
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Status	Last Update	Fields