Notes in Crabs+Case ENT Deck

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/31/2024	Which facial sinuses are the first to develop in utero?
Published	08/31/2024	The {{c1::Maxillary}} sinuses are the first facial sinuses to develop in utero
Published	08/31/2024	Which facial sinuses are the last to develop?
Published	08/31/2024	Which facial sinuses do not reach adult size until the teenage years?
Published	08/31/2024	Which facial sinuses are present at birth?
Published	08/31/2024	What are the most anterior of the Ethmoid air cells?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Agger nasi}} is the most anterior of the {{c2::Ethmoid air cells}}
Published	08/31/2024	Which Ethmoidal air cell is highlighted below?{{c1::Agger nasi}}
Published	08/31/2024	Which tongue papillae are located at the junction of the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Published	08/31/2024	Which tongue papillae are located at the tip and lateral edges of the tongue?
Published	08/31/2024	Which tongue papillae are located at the posterolateral base of the tongue?
Published	08/31/2024	Which tongue papillae are located all over the tongue?
Published	08/31/2024	Which tongue papillae do not participate in taste sensation?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the location of the Circumvallate tongue papillae?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the location of the Fungiform tongue papillae?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the location of the Foliate tongue papillae?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the location of the Filiform tongue papillae?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Filiform}} papillae are found all over the tongue and do not participate in taste sensation
Published	08/31/2024	What is the best imaging modality for the cerebellopontine angle?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the best imaging modality for the thyroid?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the first branch of the external carotid artery in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most distal branch of the external carotid artery in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::The Vallecula}} is the space between the base of the tongue and {{c2::the epiglottis}}
Published	08/31/2024	What is the space between the root of the tongue and the epiglottitis?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c2::Hereditary}} angioedema involves a deficiency in {{c1::C1 esterase inhibitor}}
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Danazol}} is a hormone used in the long-term treatment of Hereditary Angioedema
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most common comorbid condition with Malignant otitis externa?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Pseudomonas::Microbe?}} is nearly always the responsible organism for causing Malignant otitis externa
Published	08/31/2024	What is the hallmark physical exam finding in Malignant otitis externa?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most common cranial nerve affected by Malignant otitis externa?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c2::Granulation}} tissue in Malignant otitis externa is often present at the {{c1::bone-cartilage}} junction
Published	08/31/2024	What is the floor of the Sublingual space?
Published	08/31/2024	The Submandibular space is divided into which subunits?
Published	08/31/2024	What divides the two subunits of the Submandibular space?
Published	08/31/2024	Which potential space is above the Mylohyoid muscle?
Published	08/31/2024	Which potential space is below the Mylohyoid muscle?
Published	08/31/2024	Which muscle is just inferior to the Mylohyoid muscle?
Published	08/31/2024	The Mylohyoid muscle is {{c1::superior::inferior/superior}} to the Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
Published	08/31/2024	The Anterior belly of the digastric muscle is {{c1::inferior::inferior/superior}} to the Mylohyoid muscle
Published	08/31/2024	The {{c1::Mylohyoid}} muscle is just superior to the Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
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Published	08/31/2024	The Brachiocephalic artery is also called the {{c1::Innominate}} artery
Published	08/31/2024	{{c2::Tracheoinnominate}} fistula is a rare sequlae of {{c1::a tracheostomy::procedure?}}
Published	08/31/2024	What is a rare life-threatening iatrogenic injury related to a Tracheotomy?
Published	08/31/2024	How long after a Tracheostomy does a Tracheoinnominate-fistula occur?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the definitive treatment for a Tracheoinnominate-fistula?
Published	08/31/2024	Which device is pictured below?{{c1::Oropharyngeal airway}}
Published	08/31/2024	Obstructive sleep apnea is defined by apnea lasting longer than {{c1::10 seconds}}
Published	08/31/2024	Which stages of sleep do patients with OSA spend the most time in?
Published	08/31/2024	Stimulators of the {{c1::Hypoglossal}} nerve can be used to treat Obstructive sleep apnea
Published	08/31/2024	Which autoimmune condition is associated with increased levels of ACE?
Published	08/31/2024	Sarcoidosis causes formation of {{c1::noncaseating::noncaseating/caseating}} granulomas
Published	08/31/2024	Which age range is the most common for diagnosis of Sarcoidosis?
Published	08/31/2024	What is a common finding on chest radiographs in Sarcoidosis?
Published	08/31/2024	c-ANCA is associated with which vasculitis?
Published	08/31/2024	Which sinonasal granulomatous disease is associated with eosinophilia?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c2::Relapsing polychondritis}} is an autoimmune disorder against the {{c1::cartilaginous}} tissues of the ears, nose, and airway
Published	08/31/2024	Which body part is most commonly affected by Relapsing polychondritis?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::External ear::location}} inflammation is the most common presenting feature of Relapsing polychondritis
Published	08/31/2024	Which microbe causes Rhinoscleroma?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the first stage of Rhinoscleroma?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the second stage of Rhinoscleroma?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the third stage of Rhinoscleroma?
Published	08/31/2024	Which stage of Rhinoscleroma has a foul-smelling nasal discharge?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most common cause of nasal obstruction in children?
Published	08/31/2024	Klebsiella can cause which granulomatous condition affecting the nose and other parts of the respiratory tract?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the treatment for Rhinoscleroma?
Published	08/31/2024	Which antibiotic is used to treat Actinomyces?
Published	08/31/2024	Tension headaches are typically {{c1::bilateral::unilateral/bilateral}}
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Amitriptyline}} is used for prophylaxis for Tension headaches
Published	08/31/2024	What is the first-line abortive therapy for migraines?
Published	08/31/2024	Triptans activate which receptors?
Published	08/31/2024	Triptans cause {{c1::constriction::constriction/dilation}} of cranial blood vessels
Published	08/31/2024	What is the duration of migraine headaches?
Published	08/31/2024	Migraine headaches are typically {{c1::unilateral::unilateral/bilateral}}
Published	08/31/2024	PulsatilehOurs (4-72 hours)UnilateralNauseatingDisabling
Published	08/31/2024	What is the first-line treatment for Trigeminal neuralgia?
Published	08/31/2024	Trigeminal neuralgia is typically {{c1::unilateral::unilateral/bilateral}}
Published	08/31/2024	Most branchial cleft anomalies are in the {{c1::second}} branchial cleft
Published	08/31/2024	The facial nerve emerges through which opening in the skull?
Published	08/31/2024	The facial nerve emerges through the {{c1::Stylomastoid foramen::which opening in the skull?}}
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Published	08/31/2024	HPV protein, {{c2::E6}} inactivates {{c1::p53}}
Published	08/31/2024	HPV protein, {{c2::E7}} inactivates {{c1::RB}}
Published	08/31/2024	Which monoclonal antibody is targeted against EGFR?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Cetuximab}} is a(n) monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of {{c2::EGFR}}
Published	08/31/2024	Which thyroid cancer is neuroendocrine?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the major gene mutated in Medullary thyroid cancer?
Published	08/31/2024	Overall, what is the most common skin cancer?
Published	08/31/2024	Overall, what is the second most common skin cancer?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most common skin cancer in post-transplant patients?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most important prognostic indicator for melanomas?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most common type of malignancy within the oral cavity?
Published	08/31/2024	HPV is a common cause of {{c1::Oropharynx::Oral/Oropharynx}} Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published	08/31/2024	What is the first-line treatment for oral cavity cancers?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Cormack-Lehane}} Classification grades the view of the larynx during direct laryngoscopy
Published	08/31/2024	Which steroid is most commonly used to treat airway obstruction?
Published	08/31/2024	What are the vertical subdivisions of the Larynx?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most common site of Glottic cancers?
Published	08/31/2024	What are the primary risk factors for Laryngeal cancer?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the most common malignancy in the larynx?
Published	08/31/2024	Which muscle is immediately deep to the Parotid gland?
Published	08/31/2024	Which muscle is just posterior to the Parotid gland?
Published	08/31/2024	Which nerve innervates the Parotid gland?
Published	08/31/2024	Wharton duct drains which salivary gland?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Sialoadenitis}} is inflammation of a salivary gland
Published	08/31/2024	The Parotid gland is {{c1::superficial::superficial/deep}} to the Masseter muscle
Published	08/31/2024	Most salivary gland stones occur in which salivary glands?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Pleomorphic adenoma}} is the most common salivary gland tumor
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Mucoepidermoid carcinoma}} is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland in children and adults
Published	08/31/2024	What is the typical impetus for Frey syndrome?
Published	08/31/2024	Which condition involves gustatory sweating often after surgery near the parotid glands?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Papillary carcinoma}} is the most common thyroid cancer
Published	08/31/2024	Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid derives from which cell type?
Published	08/31/2024	Which bones make up the nasal septum?
Published	08/31/2024	Which bone makes up the Superior region of the nasal septum?
Published	08/31/2024	Which bone makes up the Inferior region of the nasal septum?
Published	08/31/2024	Which bones make up the Hard palate?
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Published	08/31/2024	What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?
Published	08/31/2024	Ethmoidal arteries are branches of which branch of the internal carotid artery?
Published	08/31/2024	The Sphenopalatine artery is a terminal branch of {{c1::the Maxillary artery}}
Published	08/31/2024	The Sphenopalatine artery is a terminal branch of which artery?
Published	08/31/2024	Which arteries supply the majority of the superior nasal septum?
Published	08/31/2024	The Opthalmic artery is a branch of which artery?
Published	08/31/2024	Posterior epistaxis most commonly originates from which artery?
Published	08/31/2024	The majority of anterior epistaxis occurs in {{c1::Little}} area within {{c1::Kiesselbach}} plexus
Published	08/31/2024	What is used to cauterize blood vessels to treat epistaxis in children?
Published	08/31/2024	Which vessel forms the inferior portion of Kiesselbach plexus?
Published	08/31/2024	The Superior labial artery is a branch of which artery?
Published	08/31/2024	Which vessels comprise Kiesselbach plexus? (3)
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Epistaxis}} is the most common presenting symptom of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Published	08/31/2024	Which alpha agonist is often used to hasten hemostasis in epistaxis?
Published	08/31/2024	Which condition is rebound congestion from long-term use of intranasal decongestants?
Published	08/31/2024	Which symptom of allergies is shown below?{{c1::Allergic shiners}}
Published	08/31/2024	Which nerve containing taste fibers travels through the middle ear?
Published	08/31/2024	The Stapes touches which opening to communicate with the inner ear?
Published	08/31/2024	Which nerve innervates the Stapedius muscle?
Published	08/31/2024	Which muscle in the middle ear is innervated by CN V3?
Published	08/31/2024	Which muscle in the middle ear is innervated by CN VII?
Published	08/31/2024	Which Cochlera fluid has similar electrolyte composite to extracellular fluid?
Published	08/31/2024	Which cochlear fluid has similar electrolyte composite to intracellular fluid?
Published	08/31/2024	What structure produces endolymph and releases it into the cochlea?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::The Stria vascularis}} produces endolymph and releases it into the cochlea
Published	08/31/2024	At which age do the Sphenoid sinuses begin to develop?
Published	08/31/2024	At which age do the Frontal sinuses begin to develop?
Published	08/31/2024	The Agger nasi cell is the most {{c2::Anterior}} of the ethmoid cells
Published	08/31/2024	Which normal variant is the most posterior ethmoid air cell?
Published	08/31/2024	The {{c2::Sphenoethmoidal}} air cell is also called the {{c1::Onodi}} air cell
Published	08/31/2024	The Sphenoethmoidal (Onodi) air cell can be adjacent to which two structures, which is important to realize during surgery?
Published	08/31/2024	Which air cell forms when the ethmoid pneumatizes into the medial and inferior orbital walls?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Haller cell}} forms when the ethmoid pneumatizes into {{c2::the medial and inferior orbital walls}}
Published	08/31/2024	Where does CN VII exit the skull?
Published	08/31/2024	Which cranial nerve exits the skull via the Stylomastoid foramen?
Published	08/31/2024	In the Parotid gland, the Facial nerve divides into which two divisions?
Published	08/31/2024	The Parotid glands produce mostly {{c1::serous::serous/mucinous}} saliva
Published	08/31/2024	The Sublingual glands produce mostly {{c1::mucinous::serous/mucinous}} saliva
Published	08/31/2024	The Submandibular glands produce mostly {{c1::both serous and mucinous::serous/mucinous}} saliva
Published	08/31/2024	Which salivary gland produces both serous and mucinous saliva?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the anterior border of the Submandibular triangle?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the posterior border of the Submandibular triangle?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the superior border of the Submandibular triangle?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the superior border of the Submental triangle?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the inferior border of the Submental triangle?
Published	08/31/2024	The Anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the hyoid bone define which triangle of the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	What defines level I lymph nodes in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the inferior border of level II lymph nodes in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the inferior border of level III lymph nodes in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	Where is the location of level V lymph nodes in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the lateral border of the level VI lymph nodes in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the superior border of the level VI lymph nodes in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the inferior border of the level VI lymph nodes in the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	What are the borders of the Posterior triangle of the neck?
Published	08/31/2024	Which muscle is the only vocal fold abductor?
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Round::Oval/Round}} lymph nodes are relativley more suspicious for malignancy
Published	08/31/2024	Which imaging is needed to diagnose a peritonsillar abscess?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the biggest risk factor for Acute Epiglottitis?
Published	08/31/2024	Which condition classically has a Cherry-red epiglottis?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the antibiotic regiment recommended for Acute epiglottis?
Published	08/31/2024	What can be used for prophylaxis from Hib?
Published	08/31/2024	Rifampin can be used for prophylaxis for which bacteria?
Published	08/31/2024	Which type of Angioedema is refractory to Antihistamines, Corticosteroids, Epinephrine, and Steroids?
Published	08/31/2024	What are the major risk factors for Malignant Otitis Externa?(2)
Published	08/31/2024	What are the potential complications of Malignant Otitis Externa?
Published	08/31/2024	What is the treatment for Malignant Otitis Externa?
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