Notes in Biochem

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Exam 1

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/14/2025	test for {{c1::biochem }}
Published	01/15/2025	The general structure of a nucleotide includes a {{c1::nitrogen-containing base}}, a {{c2::sugar}}, and a {{c3::phosphate group}}.
Published	01/15/2025	The bases in DNA and RNA are derivatives of the heterocyclic amines {{c1::pyrimidine}} or {{c2::purine}}.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1161:top=.395:width=.6679:height=.0867:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3527:top=.9106:width=.4523:height=.0511…
Published	01/15/2025	In DNA, the pyrimidine bases are {{c1::cytosine (C)}} and {{c2::thymine (T)}}, while the purine bases are {{c3::adenine (A)}} and {{c4::guanine (G)}}.
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1502:top=.4328:width=.1911:height=.0444:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.408:top=.4172:width=.1767:height=.0533…
Published	01/15/2025	n RNA, the pyrimidine bases are {{c1::cytosine (C)}} and {{c2::uracil (U)}}, while the purine bases are {{c3::adenine (A)}} and {{c4::guanine (G)}}.
Published	01/15/2025	Pyrimidines: {{c1::Cytosine}}, {{c2::Uracil}}, {{c3::Thymine }}
Published	01/15/2025	Purines : {{c2::Adenine}} and {{c1::Guanine }}
Published	01/15/2025	The five-carbon sugar in RNA is {{c1::ribose}}, while in DNA it is {{c2::deoxyribose}}, which lacks an oxygen atom on {{c3::C2′}}.
Published	01/15/2025	A nucleotide has a phosphate group attached to the {{c1::C5′—OH}} group of a nucleoside.
Published	01/15/2025	In the primary structure of nucleic acids, nucleotides are joined by {{c1::phosphodiester}} bonds.
Published	01/15/2025	The primary structure of nucleic acids is read from the sugar with the free {{c1::5′ phosphate}} to the sugar with the free {{c2::3′-OH}} group.
Published	01/15/2025	In DNA, adenine (A) is always linked by {{c1::two}} hydrogen bonds to thymine (T).
Published	01/15/2025	In DNA, guanine (G) is always linked by {{c1::three}} hydrogen bonds to cytosine (C)
Published	01/15/2025	During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized in short sections called {{c1::Okazaki fragments}}.
Published	01/15/2025	In DNA replication the process begins with unwinding the {{c1::double helix}}  by breaking the {{c2::hydrogen bonds }}
Published	01/15/2025	Helicase {{c1::unwinds}} the parents DNA
Published	01/15/2025	DNA polymerase catalyzes the replications at the {{c1::replication fork }}
Published	01/15/2025	DNA polymerase moves in the {{c1::3'-5'}} direction
Published	01/15/2025	The lagging strands are synthesized in short sections called {{c1::Okazaki fragments}}
Published	01/15/2025	RNA carries genetic information from DNA to {{c1::Ribosomes}}
Published	01/15/2025	tRNA  translate the gentic information in mRNA into the {{c1::amino acid sequence }}
Published	01/15/2025	rRNA is the most {{c1::abundant}} type of RNA and it is combined with proteins to form {{c2::ribosomes }}
Published	01/15/2025	In transcription, RNA polymerase uses the {{c1::template}} strand of DNA to form mRNA using base pair
Published	01/15/2025	when mRNA is synthesized {{c1::uracil}} is replaced with thymine
Published	01/15/2025	mRNA is made during {{c1::transcription }}
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::translation}} is when tRNA converts message from mRNA in to {{c2::amino acids }}
Published	01/15/2025	during translation the amino acids are attached to {{c1::ACC 3'}} part of the tRNA
Published	01/15/2025	exon code for protein, while introns {{c1::does not code for protein }}
Published	01/15/2025	start codon : {{c1::AUG }}
Published	01/15/2025	stop codons : {{c1::UGA, UAA, UAG }}
Published	01/15/2025	A {{c1::point mutation}} replaces one base in the DNA template strand with another.
Published	01/15/2025	tRNA has an acceptor stem at {{c1::3' end with the sequence ACC}} where an enzyme attaches amino acid by forming a ester bond with free -OH
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::silent mutation}} : mutated codon for the same amino acid
Published	01/15/2025	Enzymes binds to small group of reacting molecules called {{c1::substrates }}
Published	01/15/2025	Enzymes have a teriary structure called {{c1::active site}} where one or more small group of {{c2::substrate}} binds
Published	01/15/2025	Absolute specificity
Published	01/15/2025	enzyme-substrate complex
Published	01/15/2025	enzyme-product complex
Published	01/15/2025
Published	01/15/2025	dynamic model of enzyme action
Published	01/15/2025	Oxidoreductases
Published	01/15/2025	Transferases
Published	01/15/2025	Lyases
Published	01/15/2025	Isomerases
Published	01/15/2025	factors affecting enzymes activity
Published	01/15/2025	enzymes are more active at optimum pH of
Published	01/15/2025	Increase in {{c1::substrate concentration}} increase rate of rxn, once enzyme/substrate completely bind they have achieved {{c2::maximum concentration…
Published	01/18/2025	missense mutation
Published	01/18/2025	nonsense mutation
Published	01/18/2025	frameshift mutation
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1001:top=.0876:width=.2097:height=.044:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0638:top=.282:width=.1411:height=.0787:…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5128:top=.2058:width=.3535:height=.0846:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4738:top=.3974:width=.1223:height=.089…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3918:top=.1961:width=.1653:height=.0611:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1405:top=.3066:width=.1331:height=.068…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2722:top=.2016:width=.4153:height=.1083:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0383:top=.7159:width=.1277:height=.071…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0074:top=.5903:width=.2648:height=.0955:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2829:top=.6112:width=.1761:height=.067…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1216:top=.7387:width=.1922:height=.1011:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5746:top=.8818:width=.1868:height=.059…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0894:top=.1663:width=.3468:height=.1157:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0988:top=.7331:width=.1855:height=.097…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0853:top=.1546:width=.3656:height=.1595:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1257:top=.7668:width=.1828:height=.054…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1499:top=.2022:width=.2702:height=.044:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0934:top=.0106:width=.4825:height=.0771…
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3313:top=.6239:width=.0806:height=.0764:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5692:top=.6217:width=.2164:height=.072…
Published	01/18/2025	B1
Published	01/18/2025	B2
Published	01/18/2025	B3
Published	01/18/2025	B5
Published	01/18/2025	B6
Published	01/18/2025	B7
Published	01/18/2025	B9
Published	01/18/2025	B12
Published	01/18/2025	vitamin C
Published	01/18/2025	Vitmain A
Published	01/18/2025	Vitamin D
Published	01/18/2025	Vitamin E
Published	01/18/2025	Vit : K
Published	01/18/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1552:top=.4659:width=.0739:height=.0698:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1499:top=.566:width=.0699:height=.0789…
Published	01/20/2025	B1 is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	Riboflavin is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	b3 niacin is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	B5 is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	B6 is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	B7 is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	B9 folate is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	B12 is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	Vit c
Published	01/20/2025	Vit A
Published	01/20/2025	Vit D
Published	01/20/2025	Vit E is necessary to avoid
Published	01/20/2025	oxireductase
Published	01/20/2025	transferases
Published	01/20/2025	Kinase
Published	01/20/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0195:top=.0248:width=.0941:height=.1607:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5047:top=.1047:width=.078:height=.277:…
Published	01/21/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0249:top=.2258:width=.0524:height=.0682:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5047:top=.2746:width=.0914:height=.121…
Status	Last Update	Fields