Notes in Cardio Hemodynamics & Parameters

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/20/2023	{{c1::Shock}} is circulatory failure of the whole body.... blood flow to tissues is dangerously low → cellular injury → multiple organ failu…
Published	09/20/2023	clinical testing in cardiology- consider symptoms and risk factors (age, congenital, family hyistory, blood pressure)  - assess acuity, severity …
Published	09/19/2023	cardiac output (CO) = {{c1::stroke volume (SV)}} X {{c1::heart rate (HR) }} blood pressure (BP) equation: MAP – {{c3::CVP}} = CO x {{c4::SVR}}*an…
Published	09/19/2023	{{c1::arteries}} carry blood away from the heart{{c8::higher::higher/lower}} pressure, low {{c3::compliance}}{{c2::veins}} carry blood toward heart{…
Published	09/19/2023	pipes and pumps{{c2::ejection fraction (EF)}} = {{c1::SV}} / {{c3::LVEDV}}{{c3::LVEDV}} - LVESV = {{c1::SV}}
Published	09/19/2023	veins are low {{c1::pressure}}{{c4::manual pressure}} is enough for hemostasis arteries are high {{c1::pressure}}endothelial {{c5::factors}} → vasoc…
Published	09/19/2023	the neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is {{c1::acetylcholine}}
Published	09/20/2023	sympathetic nervous system- preganglionic neurons are called {{c5::cholinergic}} bc they secrete {{c5::ACh}} → bind to {{c7::nicotinic}} receptors on …
Published	09/20/2023	parasympathetic nervous system- both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of parasympathetic are called cholinergic because th…
Published	09/19/2023	{{c1::electrocardiogram (EKG)}} focuses on heart's electrical activity, as a measure of how organ is functioning{{c2::echocardiography (echo)}} is a f…
Published	09/20/2023	age vs heart conditionsyounger (25 yo) → {{c1::Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)}}→ lower risk → prior symptoms→ family history → tests: EKG…
Published	09/19/2023	after sustaining a cut ...→ {{c1::intima}} layer carries factors that promotes vasoconstriction and platelet plugging → {{c1::media}} layer assis…
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-1
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Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-3
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Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-6
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Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-8
Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-9
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-10
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-11
Published	10/10/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-12
Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-13
Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-14
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-15
Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-16
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-17
Published	09/21/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-18
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-19
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-20
Published	09/20/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-21
Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-22
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-23
Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-24
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-25
Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-26
Published	09/19/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-27
Published	09/25/2023	113e94eadd37470e8d967df872114888-ao-28
Published	09/19/2023	α-receptors in sympathetic system α-1 maintains {{c2::blood pressure}} α-2 works as {{c3::negative feedback loop}} *receptors are on {{c1::presy…
Published	09/19/2023	β-receptors in sympathetic systemβ-1- mainly located in heart → increased {{c2::HR}} and {{c2::contractility}} - present in kidneys → increased {…
Published	09/25/2023	df7984a6191b443c92ef101be05cfc53-ao-1
Published	09/25/2023	df7984a6191b443c92ef101be05cfc53-ao-2
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Published	09/25/2023	df7984a6191b443c92ef101be05cfc53-ao-7
Published	09/25/2023	df7984a6191b443c92ef101be05cfc53-ao-8
Published	09/25/2023	df7984a6191b443c92ef101be05cfc53-ao-9
Published	09/21/2023	pharmacological regulation of sympathetic nervous systemdirect agonists: - α-{{c2::1::#}} agonist → vasoconstriction, increased BP, pupil dilation-&nb…
Published	09/19/2023	most 1st generation beta blockers are {{c1::non-selective::selective/non-selective}}
Published	09/19/2023	pharmacological regulation of parasympathetic nervous systemdirect cholinomimetic: mimics {{c1::acetylcholine}}    indirect cholinomim…
Published	09/20/2023	increased parasympathetic ({{c10::ACh::which NT?}}-driven muscarinic) activity results in "DUMB HAVES"D{{c1::efecation}} U{{c2::rination}} M{{c3::uscl…
Published	09/20/2023	organophosphate poisoning → {{c1::acetylcholinesterase}} inhibition → acute cholinergic toxicity → parasympethatic system is over activatedt…
Published	09/21/2023	target receptor of medication used to treat asthma exacerbation is {{c1::β-2}}*ex: {{c4::albuterol}} is a {{c1::β-2}} agonist→ drugs given to tre…
Published	09/20/2023	vasovagal syncope (VSS)- abrupt/prolonged standing → blood pools in lower extremities and decreased {{c1::venous return}} → brain thinks hypovolemia →…
Published	09/19/2023	0e49e150c71e40a69e11f0cfe0df6f7d-ao-1
Published	09/25/2023	0e49e150c71e40a69e11f0cfe0df6f7d-ao-2
Published	09/19/2023	0e49e150c71e40a69e11f0cfe0df6f7d-ao-3
Published	09/19/2023	0e49e150c71e40a69e11f0cfe0df6f7d-ao-4
Published	09/25/2023	0fb496f54319499e9db917a4161cacc5-ao-1
Published	09/19/2023	0fb496f54319499e9db917a4161cacc5-ao-2
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Published	09/19/2023	0fb496f54319499e9db917a4161cacc5-ao-4
Published	09/19/2023	Types of shock1. {{c1::hypovolemic}}: shock induced by low fluid volume of blood2. {{c2::cardiogenic}}: shock induced by damage to/malfunction of hear…
Published	09/20/2023	Hypovolemic shock- shock induced by {{c1::low fluid volume}} of blood - can be {{c2::hemorrhagic}} (ruptured blood vessels) or non-hemorrhagic (n…
Published	09/19/2023	Cardiogenic shock- shock induced by damage to/malfunction of {{c1::heart}}... “pump failure” - heart attack → muscle cell death → weaker contractions…
Published	09/19/2023	Obstructive shock- physical constriction of muscle → weaker {{c4::contraction}} → decreased BPcardiac {{c3::tamponade}}pericardiocentesis …
Published	09/19/2023	Distributive shock- {{c2::anaphylactic}} shock: allergic reaction → histamine release → vasodilation of blood vessels → leaky blood vessels → low BP -…
Published	09/19/2023	c185bd9d80c84b7d87a4b95857f0e6fc-ao-1
Published	09/25/2023	c185bd9d80c84b7d87a4b95857f0e6fc-ao-2
Published	09/19/2023	c185bd9d80c84b7d87a4b95857f0e6fc-ao-3
Published	09/25/2023	c185bd9d80c84b7d87a4b95857f0e6fc-ao-4
Published	09/21/2023	43db1eaf9331429d89fce684079f551b-ao-1
Published	09/19/2023	43db1eaf9331429d89fce684079f551b-ao-2
Published	09/25/2023	43db1eaf9331429d89fce684079f551b-ao-3
Published	09/21/2023	43db1eaf9331429d89fce684079f551b-ao-4
Published	09/19/2023	43db1eaf9331429d89fce684079f551b-ao-5
Published	09/19/2023	oxygen delivery relies on maintenance of blood {{c1::volume}}
Published	09/19/2023	Primary hemostasis- {{c1::endothelial injury}} → {{c4::exposure}} → {{c6::adhesion}} → {{c8::activation}} → {{c11::aggregation}} 1) {{c1::endothelial…
Published	09/19/2023	primary hemostasis and secondary hemostasis (aka coagulation):
Published	09/19/2023	{{c1::vWF::factor}} is involved in both primary and secondary hemostasis
Published	10/05/2023	secondary hemostasis*overall: clotting factors sequentially proteolytically activated → activation of fibrin (factor {{c1::Ia::#}}) → forms mesh …
Published	09/20/2023	Factor IIa ({{c7::thrombin}}) facts- IIa uses {{c1::Ca2+}} ions as cofactor- IIa activates {{c2::platelets}}- IIa activates 3 cofactors ({{c3::V}}, {{…
Published	09/25/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-1
Published	09/19/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-2
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Published	09/19/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-6
Published	10/05/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-7
Published	10/05/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-8
Published	10/05/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-9
Published	10/05/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-10
Published	10/05/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-11
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Published	10/05/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-14
Published	10/05/2023	088441ac950246fbb3ec292dbfae73cd-oa-15
Published	10/05/2023	Clot regulation- anticoagulation happens {{c1::during::during/after}} primary and secondary hemostasis and regulates clot formation - {{c7::clot retra…
Published	10/05/2023	fibrinolysis = gradual degradation of {{c1::fibrin}} mesh- starts {{c2::2}} days after hemostasis occurs - {{c4::tissue plasminogen activator (tP…
Published	10/05/2023	9d8d26784a1c4a2cbbc83a1e3da97b91-ao-1
Published	10/05/2023	9d8d26784a1c4a2cbbc83a1e3da97b91-ao-2
Published	10/05/2023	9d8d26784a1c4a2cbbc83a1e3da97b91-ao-3
Published	10/05/2023	a5bb4703770a404d93fb1251112014c6-oa-1
Published	10/05/2023	a5bb4703770a404d93fb1251112014c6-oa-2
Published	10/05/2023	a5bb4703770a404d93fb1251112014c6-oa-3
Published	10/05/2023	warfarin - inhibits {{c1::epoxide reductase::enzyme}} activity → prevents vitamin {{c2::K}} from being recycled → cannot continue creating certia…
Published	10/05/2023	939df6e3312d4ef2949ae004b5735885-ao-1
Published	10/05/2023	939df6e3312d4ef2949ae004b5735885-ao-2
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Published	10/05/2023	939df6e3312d4ef2949ae004b5735885-ao-4
Published	10/05/2023	rivarox{{c1::aban}}, apix{{c1::aban}}, edox{{c1::aban}} inhibit factor Xa
Published	10/05/2023	939df6e3312d4ef2949ae004b5735885-ao-5
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