Notes in Neoplasia 2

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Neoplasia 2

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/28/2024	MYC gene translocations seen in {{c1::Burkitt}} Lymphoma {{c2::t(8;14)}}.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Two-Hit}} Hypothesis – protein product from one functional gene is enough to suppress growth. Requires {{c2::both}} alleles to be mutated for in…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Li-Fraumeni}} Syndrome - is caused by a mutation of {{c2::p53}} which can lead to abnormal progression of cells with DNA damage.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Warburg Effect}} – a distinctive cellular metabolism used by cancer cells which is characterized by increased glucose uptake and conversion of g…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Genital}} HPV is low risk showing condylomas (genital warts) - HPV types {{c1::6 and 11}}.
Published	08/28/2024	Hepatitis B and C viruses – {{c1::70-80}} % of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) worldwide
Published	08/28/2024	Cancer {{c1::cachexia}}: – Progressive loss of {{c2::body fat}} and {{c2::lean body mass}} with subsequent weakness, anorexia, and anemia - results fr…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Paraneoplastic}} Syndromes (systemic): – Symptom complexes occurring in a patient with cancer that are not explained by {{c2::spread of tumor}} …
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Cushing’s}} Syndrome: – due to ectopic secretion of {{c2::ACTH}} by a small cell carcinoma of the {{c2::lung}}, – may cause hypokalemia, HTN and…
Published	08/28/2024	• {{c1::Inappropriate}} Antidiuresis: – the production of ectopic {{c2::ADH}} (antidiuretic hormone) by a {{c2::small cell carcinoma}}, or prostate, G…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Hypercalcemia}}: – Affects {{c2::10}}% of all cancer patients • Usually caused by {{c2::metastatic}} disease to bone • Ectopic production of a P…
Published	08/28/2024	• {{c1::Eaton-Lambert}} Syndrome: – an uncommon neuromuscular disorder that is strongly associated with small cell carcinoma of the {{c2::lungs}}. – s…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Paraneoplastic Hematologic}} Syndrome Most common hematologic complications of neoplastic disease result from direct infiltration of the {{…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)}}: – Cells are aspirated from a mass using a small needle – Followed by cytologic examination of the cells – Used f…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Papanicolaou (Pap)}} smear or {{c1::Pap}} Test: – Cytologic preparation used to evaluate the {{c2::cervix}} for dysplasia or malignancy
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Immunohistochemistry}}: Uses antibodies with a colored or fluorescent tag which bind to certain {{c2::antigens}} on cells – Used as an adjunct t…
Status	Last Update	Fields