Notes in ✧ Nerve Tissue

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♤ Tablecards: Junquiera's Nerve

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/14/2024	The resting membrane potential of cardiac cells is determined primarily by {{c1::potassium (K+)}} ions
Published	01/14/2024	Which part of the neuron receives input from the axons of other neurons?{{c1::Dendrites}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which part of the neuron contains organelles (e.g. Golgi, ER, etc.)?{{c1::Cell body (Soma)}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which part of the neuron sends output (electrical impulses) to other neurons?{{c1::Axons}}
Published	01/14/2024	The proximal part of an axon is usually marked by a(n) {{c1::axon hillock}}, which is a tapered extension of the cell body that lacks Nissl subst…
Published	01/14/2024	Which part of the neuron contains synaptic vesicles that store and release neurotransmitter into the synapse?{{c1::Axon (nerve) terminal}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Glial}} cells refer to the non-neuronal cells of nervous system
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::Oligodendrocytes}} are responsible for myelinating axons of neurons in the {{c1::central}} nervous system
Published	01/14/2024	Each oligodendrocyte can myelinate {{c1::many}} axon(s)
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::Oligodendrocytes}} are the predominant type of glial cell in {{c1::white}} matter
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::Astrocytes}} are glial cells that provide {{c1::physical}} support and repair for the nervous system
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Astrocytes}} are glial cells that are capable of removing excess neurotransmitters
Published	01/14/2024	What protein is used as an astrocyte marker? {{c1::GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::Astrocytes}} are glial cells that are responsible for {{c1::reactive gliosis}} in response to neural injury
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::Schwann cells}} are responsible for myelinating axons of neurons in the {{c1::peripheral}} nervous system
Published	01/14/2024	Each Schwann cell can myelinate {{c1::one}} axon(s)
Published	01/14/2024	In myelinated cells, nodes of {{c2::Ranvier}} increase conduction velocity via {{c1::saltatory}} conduction
Published	01/14/2024	Myelin wraps and insulates axons, thus {{c1::increasing}} the space (length) constant
Published	01/14/2024	Myelin wraps and insulates axons, thus {{c1::decreasing}} the time constant
Published	01/14/2024	Conduction velocity is increased when the time constant is {{c1::decreased}}
Published	01/14/2024	Conduction velocity is increased when the space (length) constant is {{c1::increased}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of glial cell is a derivative of mononuclear phagocytes?{{c1::Microglia}}
Published	01/14/2024	Microglia are activated in response to {{c1::tissue damage}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Microglia}} fuse to form multinucleated giant cells in the CNS when infected by {{c2::HIV}}
Published	01/14/2024	Axons that are myelinated by {{c1::Schwann cells}} have the potential to regenerate following injury
Published	01/14/2024	Do axons myelinated by oligodendrocytes have the potential to regenerate following injury? {{c1::No}}
Published	01/14/2024	What type of nerve fibers sense dull pain & warmth in the lateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord? {{c1::IV and C::2}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)}} is a slow-growing tumor that typically arises from Schwann cells in the vestibular nerve
Published	01/14/2024	Vestibular schwannomas are typically located on CN VIII in the {{c1::internal acoustic meatus}}
Published	01/14/2024	Demyelinating disorders are characterized by destruction of {{c1::myelin}} or {{c2::oligodendrocytes}}
Published	01/14/2024	Multiple sclerosis is a(n) {{c2::autoimmune}} destruction of CNS myelin and {{c1::oligodendrocytes}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy}} is due to reactivation of {{c1::JC}} virus in previously infected oligodendrocytes
Published	01/14/2024	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is characterized by destruction of {{c1::oligodendrocytes}} and astrocytes; typically in the {{c2::parietal…
Published	01/14/2024	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is seen in {{c1::immunosuppressed (e.g. AIDS, leukemia)}} patients due to reactivation of latent JC virus i…
Published	01/14/2024	Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a(n) {{c1::malignant::benign or malignant}}, high-grade tumor of {{c2::astrocytes}}
Published	01/14/2024	Schwannoma is a(n) {{c1::benign::benign or malignant}} tumor of {{c2::Schwann cells}}
Published	01/14/2024	Schwannomas most frequently involve CN {{c1::VIII}}, but can involve any cranial or spinal nerve
Published	01/14/2024	Pilocytic astrocytomas are most often found in the posterior fossa, such as the {{c1::cerebellum}}; may be supratentorial
Published	01/14/2024	The tumor cells of pilocytic astrocytomas stain positive for {{c1::GFAP}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the prognosis of pilocytic astrocytoma? {{c1::Good}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which nervous system cell is typically damaged by Guillain-Barré syndrome? {{c1::Schwann cells}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of free nerve ending (C or Aδ) is slow and unmyelinated? {{c1::C}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of free nerve ending (C or Aδ) is fast and myelinated? {{c1::Aδ}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor senses pain and temperature? {{c1::Free nerve endings (e.g. C, Aδ)}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor is located on all skin, epidermis, and some viscera? {{c1::Free nerve endings}}
Published	01/14/2024	Meissner corpuscles are large, {{c1::myelinated::myelination}} fibers
Published	01/14/2024	Meissner corpuscles adapt {{c1::quickly}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor is found on hairless (glabrous) skin? {{c1::Meissner corpuscles}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor senses dynamic, light touch, and position sense?{{c1::Meissner corpuscles}}
Published	01/14/2024	Pacinian corpuscles are large, {{c1::myelinated::myelination}} fibers
Published	01/14/2024	Pacinian corpuscles adapt {{c1::quickly}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor is found on deep skin layers, ligaments, and joints? {{c1::Pacinian corpuscles}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor senses vibration and pressure?{{c1::Pacinian corpuscles}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor is "onion shaped"? {{c1::Pacinian corpuscles}}
Published	01/14/2024	Merkel discs are large, {{c1::myelinated::myelination}} fibers
Published	01/14/2024	Merkel discs adapt {{c1::slowly}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which types of sensory receptor adapt slowly? {{c1::Ruffini corpuscles}} and {{c2::Merkel discs}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which types of sensory receptor adapt quickly? {{c1::Pacinian corpuscles}} and {{c2::Meissner corpuscles}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor (slowly or quickly adapting) sends a continous signal?{{c1::Slowly adapting}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of sensory receptor (slowly or quickly adapting) sends a signal at the beginning and end of a stimulus?{{c1::Quickly adapting}}
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c1::epineurium}} of a peripheral nerve is made of dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c1::perineurium}} of a peripheral nerve surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c1::endoneurium}} of a peripheral nerve invests single nerve fiber layers
Published	01/14/2024	Which peripheral nerve layer must be rejoined in microsurgery for limb attachment? {{c1::Epineurium}}
Published	01/14/2024	Guillain-Barré syndrome is a(n) {{c1::autoimmune}} condition that destroys {{c2::Schwann}} cells
Published	01/14/2024	Local anesthetics exert their actions by blocking {{c1::Na+}} channels (via binding to specific receptors on the inner portio…
Published	01/14/2024	What size of nerve fiber, small or large diameter, is affected first by local anesthetics?{{c1::Small-diameter fibers}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which nerve fibers (size, myelination) are affected first by local anesthetics?{{c1::Small, myelinated fibers}}
Published	01/14/2024	Guillain-Barré syndrome results in {{c1::inflammation}} and segmental {{c2::demyelination}} of peripheral nerves and motor fibers
Published	01/14/2024	What toxin is found in pufferfish?{{c1::Tetrodotoxin}}
Published	01/14/2024	Tetrodotoxin binds fast voltage-gated {{c1::Na+}} channels in cardiac/nerve tissue, preventing depolarization
Published	01/14/2024	Does tetrodotoxin cause or prevent depolarization? {{c1::Prevent}}
Published	01/14/2024	When performing Immunohistochemistry; a(n) {{c1::Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)}} stain can be used to identify Astrocytomas, Glioblastomas, O…
Published	01/14/2024	JC virus causes {{c1::progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)}} in the immunocompromised
Published	01/14/2024	JC virus presents when CD4+ count is {{c1::< 200}} or with immunosuppressants
Published	01/14/2024	JC virus presents in {{c1::immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS)}} patients
Published	01/14/2024	The intermediate filament Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is found in {{c1::neuroglial}} cells (ex. astrocytes, Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes…
Published	01/14/2024	What cells synthesize the myelin for cranial nerve II?{{c1::Oligodendrocytes}}
Published	01/14/2024	Residual chronic findings of multiple sclerosis include hypertrophy and hyperplasia of {{c1::astrocytes}}
Published	01/14/2024	HIV-associated dementia can result in activation of {{c1::microglial}} cells that form nodules
Published	01/14/2024	What is the treatment for Tetrodotoxin and Ciguatoxin poisoning?{{c1::Supportive care}}
Status	Last Update	Fields