Notes in III. Corticosteroids

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/21/2024	What are the two components of the adrenal gland?
Published	10/21/2024	What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?
Published	10/21/2024	What does the zona glomerulosa secrete and what is its main function?
Published	10/21/2024	What regulates the secretion of aldosterone?
Published	10/21/2024	The zona fasciculata secretes {{c1::glucocorticoids}}, particularly {{c2::cortisol}}, the most potent endogenous glucocorticoid.
Published	10/21/2024	The secretion of cortisol is regulated by {{c1::ACTH}} and follows a circadian rhythm peaking in the {{c2::early morning}} and after meals.
Published	10/21/2024	The zona reticularis secretes adrenal androgens, particularly {{c1::DHEA}} and {{c2::DHEAS}}.
Published	10/21/2024	Glucocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex, particularly in the {{c1::zona fasciculata}}. The mnemonic for adrenal cortex products is: "{{c2::…
Published	10/21/2024	Higher dose of what adrenal steroid is given to patients with liver disease?
Published	10/21/2024	Corticosterone (Naturally-occuring):Found in {{c1::rats}}{{c2::Less firmly}} bound to proteins and therefore metabolized {{c3::more rapidly}}Pathway o…
Published	10/21/2024	Synthetic steroids are more {{c1::potent}} and {{c2::longer acting}} than naturally-occurring glucocorticoids (GCs)
Published	10/21/2024	Synthetic steroids are usually synthesized from {{c1::cholic acid}} obtained from cattle or steroid {{c2::sapogenins}} found in plants
Published	10/21/2024	Give the different synthetic steroids
Published	10/21/2024	What is the methylated form of prednisolone that has more GC activity
Published	10/21/2024	Mechanism of action of steroid:Steroid enters the {{c1::cytoplasm}}, binding to a {{c2::receptor}} proteinThe {{c3::hormone receptor}} protein then en…
Published	10/21/2024	Mechanism of action of Steroid:Steroids are present in the blood in {{c1::bound}} form, particularly in the {{c2::corticosteroid-binding}} globulin
Published	10/21/2024	Mechanism of action of Steroid:An {{c1::unstable complex}} is created when the {{c2::intracellular receptors}} with {{c3::shock protein 90}} binds wit…
Published	10/21/2024	Mechanism of action of Steroid:Steroid receptor complex can enter the nucleus then binds to {{c1::Glucocorticoid response element (GRE)}} on the regul…
Published	10/21/2024	In (chronic) primary adrenal insufficiency, about {{c1::20-30}} mg of {{c2::hydrocortisone}} must be given daily, with increased amounts during period…
Published	10/21/2024	In acute adrenal insufficiency, therapy consists of:Large amounts of {{c1::parenteral hydrocortisone}}Correction of {{c2::fluid}} and {{c3::electrolyt…
Published	10/21/2024	Acute adrenal insufficiency:Hydrocortisone {{c1::sodium succinate}} or {{c2::phosphate}} in doses of {{c3::100}} mg/IV is given every {{c4::8}} hours …
Published	10/21/2024	Most common defect in Adrenocortical hypo- and hyperfunction
Published	10/21/2024	Adrenocortical hypo- and hyperfunction: Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaMost common defect is a decrease in or lack of P450c21 ({{c1::21β-hydroxylase}})…
Published	10/21/2024	Adrenocortical hypo- and hyperfunction: Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaTreatment:Use appropriate {{c1::electrolyte}} solutions and an intravenous prepa…
Published	10/21/2024	Adrenocortical hypo- and hyperfunction:It is usually the result of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia secondary to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cus…
Published	10/21/2024	Adrenocortical hypo- and hyperfunction: Cushing's SyndromeTreatment:{{c1::Surgical removal}} of the tumor producing ACTH or cortisol{{c2::Irradiation}…
Published	10/21/2024	Adrenocortical hypo- and hyperfunction: Primary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance (Chrousos) Syndrome{{c1::HPA}} axis is hyperfunctioning with the…
Published	10/21/2024	Adrenocortical hypo- and hyperfunction: AldosteronismPrimary aldosteronism usually results from the excessive production of {{c1::aldosterone}} by an …
Published	10/21/2024	Dexamethasone Suppression TestUsed for the diagnosis of {{c1::Cushing's syndrome}}Used in the differential diagnosis of {{c2::depressive psychiatric …
Published	10/21/2024	Use of glucocorticoids for diagnostic purposes:{{c1::1}} mg {{c2::dexamethasone}} is given orally at 11 PM, and a plasma sample is obtained the follow…
Published	10/21/2024	Corticosteroids and Stimulation of Lung Maturation in Fetus:Treatment of the mother with large doses of GC reduces the incidence of respiratory distre…
Published	10/21/2024	Use of steroids precepts notes: Severe tumor acts as a parasite{{c1::Steroids}} are given after surgery to compensate for {{c2::insufficiencies}} afte…
Published	11/11/2024	Effects of SteroidsCarbohydrateStimulate an {{c1::Increase }} in {{c2::gluconeogenesis }}, thus {{c1::inhibiting }} glucose uptake and utilization {{…
Published	10/21/2024	Effects of SteroidsProteinMuscle protein is {{c1::catabolized }} and {{c2::inhibits }} protein synthesis
Published	10/21/2024	Effects of SteroidsFat {{c1::Increase }} {{c2:lipolysis:: lipolysis / lipogenesis}} and redistribution of body fatThe pattern of obesity is?
Published	10/21/2024	Gastrointestinal{{c1:Stimulates:: Stimulates / Inhibits}} gastric acid and pepsin production which can cause {{c1::hyperacidity}}
Published	10/21/2024	GLUCOCORTICOID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS & ANTAGONISTSWhat is the main precursor molecule of all steroids?
Published	10/21/2024	GLUCOCORTICOID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS & ANTAGONISTSPregnenolone produces? Aldosterone is from?DHEA produces?
Status	Last Update	Fields