Notes in G31 Circulatory System Development

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Ventricular septal defect}} is the most common congenital heart defect.
Published	11/02/2024	Genetic risk factors for congenital heart defect include {{c1::holt oram syndrome (TBX5 deficiency)}} and {{c1::trisomy 21}}.
Published	11/02/2024	teratogens that can cause congenital heart defects (4)
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Rubella::infectious}} and {{c1::gestational diabetes::metabolic}} are two common causes of congenital heart defects.
Published	11/02/2024	how do embryos receive nourishment in the first two weeks of life
Published	11/02/2024	when does the embryonic cardiovascular system begin to develop
Published	11/02/2024	neural crest contribution to the developing cardiovascular system
Published	11/02/2024	sources of vasculogenesis
Published	11/02/2024	extraembyronic mesoderm contributions to vasculature
Published	11/02/2024	contributions of intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm to CV system
Published	11/02/2024	when does vasculogenesis occur and in what locations initially
Published	11/02/2024	describe the process of vasculogenesis
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Vasculogenesis}} refers to the de novo synthesis of new blood vessels within a matrix of dense mesenchyme, whereas, {{c1::angiogenesis}} refers …
Published	11/02/2024	The corporal/systemic embryo is initially supplied by {{c1::paired dorsal aortae}} and drained by {{c1::the anterior (cranial/preaxial), posterio…
Published	11/02/2024	The primary extraembryonic blood vessels are the following:{{c1::Vitelline arteries}}, {{c1::vitelline veins}}, {{c1::umbilical arteries}} (paired){{c…
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-2
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-3
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-4
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-5
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-6
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-7
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-8
Published	11/02/2024	64b26c59e5df411fb302fbb79f008185-ao-9
Published	11/02/2024	when are the four chambers and valves of the heart complete?
Published	11/02/2024	where does the cardiogeneic area form
Published	11/02/2024	when do the endocardial tubes form?
Published	11/02/2024	what happens to the cardiogenic region during embryo folding
Published	11/02/2024	fusion of the endocardial tubes forms what?
Published	11/02/2024	what does the myocardium secrete within the heart tube
Published	11/02/2024	function of myocardial cells in primitive heart tube blood flow
Published	11/02/2024	order of blood flow through primitive heart tube
Published	11/02/2024	16ed7026b9844a91a6f02d5485d1593e-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	16ed7026b9844a91a6f02d5485d1593e-ao-2
Published	11/02/2024	16ed7026b9844a91a6f02d5485d1593e-ao-3
Published	11/02/2024	16ed7026b9844a91a6f02d5485d1593e-ao-4
Published	11/02/2024	16ed7026b9844a91a6f02d5485d1593e-ao-5
Published	11/02/2024	16ed7026b9844a91a6f02d5485d1593e-ao-6
Published	11/02/2024	The sinus vensosus is a {{c1::two}}-horned structure that drains the {{c1::vitelline}}, {{c1::cardinal}}, and {{c1::umbilical}} veins
Published	11/02/2024	The primitive ventricle becomes the primitive left ventricle after it first {{c1::develops trabeculae carneae}}.
Published	11/02/2024	what does the primitive constriction between the primitive atrium and primtive ventricle form
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c1::atrioventricular canal}} is the internal channel between the primitive atrium and ventricle.
Published	11/02/2024	segments of the bulbis cordis
Published	11/02/2024	The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the {{c1::right and left aortic arches}} which flow into {{c1::their ipsilateral dorsal aortae}}
Published	11/02/2024	artery and venous parts of the heart tube
Published	11/02/2024	Cardiac looping begins during week {{c1::4}} of embryonic development
Published	11/02/2024	In cardiac looping, the {{c1::venous::arterial/venous}} end of the heart tube is pulled {{c1::dorsally}} and {{c1::cranially}} to the {{c1::arterial::…
Published	11/02/2024	what happens to the undivided AV canal during septation of the heart (motion-wise)
Published	11/02/2024	Heart valve formation in embyrology
Published	11/02/2024	what happens to the sinus venosus during definitive right atrium formation
Published	11/02/2024	Remnants of the primitive atria form {{c1::the pectinate muscles (rough surface)}} of the adult atria
Published	11/02/2024	During the formation of the definitive left atrium, the {{c1::primitive pulmonary vein}} gives rise to the smooth parts of the left atrium through {{c…
Published	11/02/2024	Atrial septa typically first begin to form during week {{c1::5}} of embryonic development
Published	11/02/2024	The initial large opening between primitive atria is called the {{c1::foramen primum/ostium primum}}.
Published	11/02/2024	The foramen primum is occluded by the septum {{c1::primum}} as it grows from the roof of the primitive atrium towards the endocardial cushions
Published	11/02/2024	As the formen primum is closed, fenestrations begin to appear in the septum {{c1::primum}}, forming the {{c1::foramen secundum}}
Published	11/02/2024	The septum secundum protudes from the posterior atrial wall, occluding the foramen {{c1::secundum}} completely except for a small {{c1::displaced open…
Published	11/02/2024	what closes the foramen oval
Published	11/02/2024	clinical manifestations of atrial septal defects
Published	11/02/2024	is a patent foramen oval concerning
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c2::primitive ventricle}} forms the {{c1::definitive L ventricle}}.The {{c1::definitive right ventricle}} derives from {{c2::the caudal par…
Published	11/02/2024	When does the interventricular septum appear and what does it present as during development?
Published	11/02/2024	In the first step of the interventricular partitioning, the {{c1::muscular}} interventricular septum is formed by the {{c1::cranial}} growth of the {{…
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c1::conus cordis (cranial portion of the bulbus cordis)}} gives rise to the smooth outflow tracks of both ventricles
Published	11/02/2024	What divides both the truncus arteriosus and the conus cordis?{{c1::The aorticopulmonary/spiral/truncoconal septum.}}
Published	11/02/2024	Neural crest cells migrate into the paired {{c1::truncal}} ridges and {{c1::bulbar}} ridges in the walls of the truncus ateriosus and conus cordi…
Published	11/02/2024	The aorticopulmonary septum grows {{c1::caudally::directionality}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Eventually, the aorticopulmonary/spiral septum divides the {{c1::truncus arteriosus::superiorly}} into the {{c1::ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk}}…
Published	11/02/2024	During formation of the great vessels, {{c1::neural crest cells}} invade the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus.
Published	11/02/2024	The aorticopulmonary septum eventually fuses {{c1::with the muscular interventricular septum, forming the membranous part of the interventricular sept…
Published	11/02/2024	How are the aortic and pulmonic valves separated during embryonic development?{{c1::The aorticopulmonary septum bisects the 4-cusp valve of the truncu…
Published	11/02/2024	Ventricular septal defects are frequently caused by defects in {{c1::the membranous part of the interventricular septum}}. These defects occur due to …
Published	11/02/2024	What is the primary consequence of ventricular septal defects?{{c1::Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle is shunted to the right ventricle. This r…
Published	11/02/2024	What is the etiology and outcome of non-persistent ventricular septal defects?{{c1::An error in formation of the muscular part of the interventricular…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Persistent truncus arteriosus}} is a congenital anomaly caused by {{c2::the failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to develop}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Impaired division of the truncus arteriosus and conus cordis results in:{{c1::Superior ventricular septal defect.A singular outflow tract that shared …
Published	11/02/2024	b473da6d17d947feafa08fdd3cd22ce7-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	What causes transposition of the great vessels (aorta and pulmonary trunk)?{{c1::The aorticopulmonary septum descends linearly instead of spiraling. T…
Published	11/02/2024	Transposition of the great vessels is lethal unless {{c1::an interventricular defect is present or the ductus arteriosus is patent}}.Ot…
Published	11/02/2024	What heart defects are characteristic of tetralogy of fallot?Best remembered with the {{c1::PROVe}} mnuemonic.{{c1::Pulmonary trunk stenosisRight vent…
Published	11/02/2024	Tetralogy of Fallot {{c1::is::is/is not}} compatible with life.
Published	11/02/2024	What is the primary cause of tetralogy of fallot?{{c1::An unequal distrubution of the outflow tracts within the truncus arteriosus and conus cordus.}}
Published	11/02/2024	The descending aorta is formed embryologically from {{c1::the paired dorsal aortae::structure}}.
Published	11/02/2024	The paired vitelline arteries of the yolk sac form the adult {{c1::celiac trunk}} and {{c1::superior mesenteric artery}} which supply the {{c1::foregu…
Published	11/02/2024	The paired umbilical arteries of the placenta give rise to the {{c1::singular inferior mesenteric artery}} and the {{c1::superior vesicle arteries}} t…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Six}} pairs of arteries, called aortic arches, arise from {{c1::the truncus arteriosus}} and connect to the {{c1::ipsilateral::ipsilateral/contr…
Published	11/02/2024	Aortic arches are each associated with paired {{c1::pharyngeal arches}} and supply structures of the head.The vast majority of them {{c1::regress/invo…
Published	11/02/2024	The vessels that form from the embryological aortic arches include the following:{{c1::Aortic archR/L common carotid aa.R/L subclavian aa.The brachioc…
Published	11/02/2024	In addition to the great arteries, the {{c1::ductus arteriosus}} also arises from one of the embryonic aortic arches
Published	11/02/2024	At birth, the ductus arteriosus {{c1::constricts and fills with connective tissue}}. It is then termed the {{c1::ligamentum arteriosum}}.
Published	11/02/2024	e971b5b81f924b5cbd61f40337c984e8-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	e971b5b81f924b5cbd61f40337c984e8-ao-2
Published	11/02/2024	e971b5b81f924b5cbd61f40337c984e8-ao-3
Published	11/02/2024	e971b5b81f924b5cbd61f40337c984e8-ao-4
Published	11/02/2024	What causes the left recurrent laryngeal nerve to descend lower than the right during embryological development?{{c1::Due to differential regression o…
Published	11/02/2024	What congenital anomalies are the result of the failure of the right dorsal aorta to degenerate?{{c1::double aortic arch (aortic ring)retroesophageal …
Published	11/02/2024	What are the primary complications of an aortic ring?{{c1::Constriction of the trachea and esophagus}}
Published	11/02/2024	What other congenital anomaly besides an aortic ring can cause dsyphagia? What causes this?{{c1::A retroesophageal right subclavian artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	What is not formed in a retroesophageal R subclavian artery anomaly?{{c1::The brachiocephalic trunk.}}
Published	11/02/2024	Fetal blood bypasses the liver via the {{c1::ductus venosus}}.This shunt connects the {{c1::umbilical vein}} to the {{c1::inferior vena cava}}.
Published	11/02/2024	1cafb3328ee24e89998688c48a4a8927-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	1cafb3328ee24e89998688c48a4a8927-ao-2
Published	11/02/2024	1cafb3328ee24e89998688c48a4a8927-ao-3
Published	11/02/2024	Blood is incapable of entering the fetal lungs due to {{c1::the presence of fluid in the lungs}}. It is instead shunted to the {{c1::aorta}} through t…
Published	11/02/2024	Fetal segmental oxygenation patterns are far different from adult oxygenation patterns.In the fetus, highly oxygenated blood can be found in the {{c1:…
Published	11/02/2024	In the fetal heart, blood in the left side of the heart is {{c1::highly}} oxygenated. Blood in the right side of the heart is {{c1::moderately }}…
Published	11/02/2024	What causes the foramen ovale to shut?{{c1::Fluid is drained from the lungs and the pressure in the pulmonary circuit drops. This greatly diminishes t…
Published	11/02/2024	Full closure of the ductus arteriosus can take anwhere between {{c1::8 weeks and one year after birth}}.
Published	11/02/2024	The ductus venosus collapses {{c1::7 days}} after birth and forms {{c1::the ligamentum venosum}}.
Published	11/02/2024	At birth, the distal umbilical arteries {{c1::constrict and become fibrotic}}. Proximal to the body trunk, this creates {{c1::the medial umbilica…
Published	11/02/2024	At birth, the umbilical {{c2::vein}} collapses and form the {{c1::round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres hepatis)}}. This structure can be obse…
Published	11/02/2024	Primary clinical consequences of a patent ductus arteriosus{{c1::Pulmonary hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, some degree of lower extremity hypope…
Status	Last Update	Fields