Notes in Coagulation

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E. Viscoelastic Tests and below hasn't been done.

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	03/27/2023	Endogenous substances that favor clotting: Procoagulants {{c1::promote clotting}}. Antifibrinolytics {{c1::prevent clot destructio…
Published	03/27/2023	Endogenous substances that hinder clotting: Anticoagulants {{c1::prevent clotting}}.Fibrinolytics {{c1::promote clot destruction}}. With exce…
Published	03/27/2023	Both arteries and veins are made up of {{c1::three}} layers: {{c1::Tunica intima}} ({{c1::endothelium}}) {{c1::Tunica media}} ({{c1::smooth musc…
Published	03/27/2023	Vascular Spasm With endothelial injury of a blood vessel, {{c1::intense vasoconstriction occurs in the damaged vessel}} ({{c1::contraction of the …
Published	03/27/2023	Primary Hemostasis ({{c1::Formation of the Platelet Plug}}) Platelets are {{c1::crucial for primary hemostasis}}. {{c1::Primary hemostasis}} …
Published	03/27/2023	Platelets Normal platelet count is {{c1::150,000}} to {{c1::300,000}} platelets/mm3 Produced in {{c1::bone marrow}} from {{c1::fragments of lar…
Published	03/27/2023	Inside the platelet are {{c1::actin and myocin}}, {{c1::thrombosthenin}}, {{c1::platelet activating factor (PAF)}}, and {{c1::granules (dense &…
Published	03/27/2023	204af1bfb008439896963a0d44757a6f-ao-1
Published	03/27/2023	204af1bfb008439896963a0d44757a6f-ao-2
Published	03/27/2023	Platelet Adhesion With endothelial injury, {{c1::collagen}} is exposed and {{c1::vWF and tissue factor (TF) (factor III, tissue phospholipid, tiss…
Published	03/27/2023	Platelet Activation (Shape Change and Mediator Release) {{c1::Collagen at the site of vascular injury and thrombin (factor IIa)}} play key r…
Published	03/27/2023	Platelet Aggregation i. The {{c2::GPIIb/IIIa receptor complex}} allows {{c1::platelets to link together via fibrinogen}} {{c2::Fibrinogen acts…
Published	03/27/2023	Exposure of the Platelet Phospholipid SurfaceIn the process of platelet plug formation, the {{c1::platelet surface is exposed}}.This platelet surfa…
Published	03/27/2023	Secondary Hemostasis (Formation of the Fibrin Clot, The Coagulation Cascade)The clotting factors are {{c1::the basis of understanding secondary hem…
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors The clotting factors are labeled with {{c1::Roman numerals}} in the order they were discovered. The first four factors are u…
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting FactorsFactor III has many names{{c1::Tissue Factor (TF)}}{{c1::Tissue phospholipid}}{{c1::Tissue thromboplastin}}
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors  The clotting factors require a {{c1::phospholipid surface}} to initiate the reaction, which limits {{c1::coagulation to …
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors Calcium (factor IV) provides {{c1::the positive electrostatic charge necessaryto anchor the factors to the damaged tissue}}.Fact…
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors During coagulation, a portion of the {{c1::procoagulant is cleaved off}} and the remaining portion becomes {{c1::the active clea…
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors Some of the coagulation reactions involve a reaction complex. Two factors are {{c1::arranged together on the phospholipid surfac…
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors Most of the coagulation factors are produced exclusively in the {{c1::liver}}.There are a few exceptions:Factor III (tissue fact…
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors Clotting factors {{c1::II}}, {{c1::VII}}, {{c1::IX}}, and {{c1::X}} are {{c2::vitamin K dependent}}. They are produced in {{c2::…
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors The plasma half-life of most coagulation factors is {{c1::1.5 to 3 days}}. There are a few exceptions:{{c2::Factor V and VIII}} …
Published	03/27/2023	Clotting Factors  Factor VIII is a {{c1::large}}, {{c1::two}}-molecule complex. The high molecular weight portion contains {{c1::VIII anti…
Published	03/27/2023
Published	03/27/2023	Classical ModelFinal Common Pathway Both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways lead to {{c1::the formation of prothrombin activator}}, which then {{…
Published	03/27/2023	Classical Extrinsic Pathway The extrinsic pathway is {{c1::fast}}, requiring only about {{c1::15 seconds}} to form a clot. A phospholipid c…
Published	03/27/2023	Classical Intrinsic Pathway (Contact Activation Pathway) The intrinsic pathway is {{c1::slower}} than the extrinsic pathway, requiring {{c1::up …
Published	03/27/2023	These factors are most commonly reffered to by their common names-- these are known interchangably as: {{c2::Fibrinogen}} OR {{c1::(factor I)}} …
Published	03/27/2023	Cell-Based Model (Tissue Factor Pathway) {{c1::Initiation}} Phase → {{c1::Amplification}} Phase → {{c1::Propagation}}&nbsp…
Published	03/27/2023	Cell-Based Model (Tissue Factor Pathway) {{c1::Initiation}} Phase → {{c1::Amplification}} Phase → {{c1::Propagation}} Ph…
Published	03/27/2023	Cell-Based Model (Tissue Factor Pathway) {{c1::Initiation}} Phase → {{c1::Amplification}} Phase → {{c1::Propagation}} Ph…
Published	03/27/2023	Fibrinolysis: Plasminogen {{c1::Proenzyme}} Synthesized in {{c1::the liver}} Lays dormant in the {{c1::clot as it is formed}}. Binds to {{…
Published	03/27/2023	Fibrinolysis:Plasmin  Active {{c1::proteolytic enzyme}} Degrades {{c1::fibrin}} into {{c1::fibrin degradation/split products (FDPs/FSPs)}} …
Published	03/27/2023	Fibrinolysis:Endogenous Plasminogen ActivatorsTissue plasminogen activator (TPA)Released by {{c1::damaged tissue}} over the span of {{c1::days (major …
Published	03/27/2023	TURNING OFF FibrinolysisMechanisms that turn off fibrinolysis when it is no longer needed (antifibrinolysis) {{c1::Plasminogen activator inhibit…
Published	03/27/2023	Coagulation Tests: Platelet Tests Platelet Count Normal platelet count is {{c1::150,000 to 300,000}} mm3 Less than {{c1::50,000 mm3 increase…
Published	03/27/2023	Pathway Tests: Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Normal aPTT {{c1::25 to 35 seconds}} Tests the {{c1::intrinsic and final common pathways::Wha…
Published	03/27/2023	Pathway Tests:Thrombin Time (TT)Normal TT is {{c1::12 to 19 seconds}}Tests the {{c1::final common pathway}}Activated thrombin (factor IIa) is added to…
Published	03/27/2023	Pathway Tests:Mixing StudyAppropriate for use in a patient with {{c1::unexplained prolongation of a coagulation test}}. Can be used with aPTT, PT/INR,…
Published	03/27/2023	Pathway Tests:Activated Clotting Time (ACT)Normal ACT {{c1::90 to 120 seconds::time}}.Each machine has a slightly different normal range. Tests the {…
Published	03/27/2023	Pathway Tests: Anti-Factor Xa (Anti-Xa) Assay Calibrated to specific anticoagulantTherefore, tests are not {{c1::interchangeable}}Affected by l…
Published	03/27/2023	Pathway Tests:Fibrinogen LevelNormal fibrinogen level {{c1::150 to 400 mg/deciliter}} Levels from {{c1::50 to 100 mg/deciliter}} place the patient …
Published	03/27/2023	Pathway Tests: Fibrinolysis Tests D-Dimer Normal D-dimer less than {{c1::500 ng/mL}} for fibrin equivalent units D-dimer levels greater than…
Status	Last Update	Fields