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Notes in L15: Antibacterials 3 --> Protein Synthesis Inhibtors (50s)

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Published 08/23/2023 Which bacterial ribosomal subunit is targeted by Chloramphenicol?{{c1::50S}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which bacterial ribosomal subunit is targeted by Linezolid?{{c1::50S}}
Published 08/23/2023 What is the MOA of Chloramphenicol?{{c1::Blocks peptidyltransferase at the 50S ribosomal subunit}}
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Anemia and Aplastic Anemia::2}} are dose-dependent/independent hematological complications of Chloramphenicol use.
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Gray Baby Syndrome}} is a complication of Chloramphenicol use in premature infants as they lack hepatic {{c2::UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase}}.
Published 08/23/2023 What is the mechanism of Chloramphenicol resistance?{{c1::Plasmid-encoded acetyltransferases that inactivate the drug}}
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Chloramphenicol}} is an antibiotic that is avoided in pregnancy as it causes "Gray Baby" Syndrome.
Published 08/23/2023 What type of pneumonia is typically caused by Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella and viruses (RSV, CMV, influenza, adenovirus)? {{c1::Interstitial (aty…
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Aplastic}} anemia may be induced by radiation and drugs (e.g. benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents, antimetabolites)
Published 08/23/2023 What drug class is associated with pyloric stenosis? {{c1::Macrolides (antibiotics)}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can treat nosocomial pneumonia caused by {{c2::MRSA infections}}.
Published 08/23/2023 Fidaxomicin is a macrocyclic antibiotic that works by inhibiting the {{c2::sigma}} subunit of {{c1::RNA polymerase}}
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides are {{c1::inhibitors}} of CYP-450
Published 08/23/2023 Treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae includes {{c1::azithromycin (macrolides)}} and {{c2::ceftriaxone (3rd gen. cephalosporin)}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which two antibiotics are used to treat nosocomial MRSA infections?{{c1::Vancomycin; Linezolid}}
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Azithromycin}} is a protein synthesis inhibitor thatbinds to the 50s subunit and can be used in the treatment of chlamydia.
Published 08/23/2023 What suffix is associated with Macrolide antibiotics?{{c1::-thromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolide (-thromycin) antibiotics are bacterio-{{c1::static}}
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides bind the bacterial {{c3::23s rRNA}} of the {{c2::50s subunit}}, blocking amino-acyl transpeptidation and {{c1::translocation}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotics bind the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria?{{c1::Macrolides (-thromycin)}}
Published 08/23/2023 Whooping cough is caused by {{c1::Bordetella pertussis}}
Published 08/23/2023 What is the drug of choice for whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis)?{{c1::Macrolides (erythromycin)}}
Published 08/23/2023 Those in close contact with individuals infected with Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) should receive prophylactic {{c1::macrolides (erythromycin…
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides can be used to treat community acquired pneumonia in those with a {{c2::penicillin}} allergy
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides can be used to treat {{c1::community acquired pneumonia}} caused by S. pneumonia, H. infuenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides (azithromycin) treat {{c4::atypical "walking" pneumonia}} caused by {{c1::Legionella}}, {{c2::Chlamydia}}, and {{c3::Mycoplasma pneumoniae}…
Published 08/23/2023 What is the drug of choice for treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis (caused by Neisseria or Chlamydia)?{{c1::Erythromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Erythromycin is used in neonates with {{c1::neonatal conjunctivitis}} caused by {{c2::Neisseria gonorrhoeae}} (early) or {{c2::Chlamydia trachomatis D…
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Azithromycin}} is a macrolide that can be given with atovaquone to treat Babesia.
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Erythromycin}} is a macrolide antibiotic that can be used to treat diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic is used as treatment for Bartonella henselae (cat-scratch)?{{c1::Azithromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Azithromycin}} is a macrolide antibiotic that can be used in prophylaxis of {{c2::Mycobacterium avium complex}} in patients with CD4 count < …
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic can bind GI motilin receptors, resulting in diarrhea?{{c1::Erythromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 {{c2::Erythromycin::macrolide}} can bind GI {{c1::motilin receptors}}, increasing GI motility and causing diarrhea
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotics can result in acute cholestatic hepatitis?{{c1::Macrolides (-thromycin)}}
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides (-thromycin) can cause {{c1::acute cholestatic hepatitis}}, resulting in jaundice
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotics (2) can prolong the QT interval?{{c1::Macrolides; Fluoroquinolones}}
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides (-thromycin) can prolong the {{c1::QT interval}}, predisposing to Torsades de pointes
Published 08/23/2023 Clarithromycin and erythromycin {{c1::inhibit}} cytochrome p-450
Published 08/23/2023 Which macrolide antibiotic(s) inhibit CYP450?{{c1::Clarithromycin, erythromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which macrolide antibiotic(s) does not inhibit CYP450?{{c1::Azithromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Clarithromycin}}, amoxicillin and a proton pump inhibitor are used in Helicobacter pylori infection (triple therapy)
Published 08/23/2023 Which macrolide antibiotic is embryotoxic?{{c1::Clarithromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic use in infants is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?{{c1::Erythromycin::specific}}
Published 08/23/2023 Resistance to macrolides (-thromycin) occurs via post-transcriptional methylation of the {{c1::23S bacterial rRNA}}
Published 08/23/2023 What drug class includes clindamycin and lincomycin?{{c1::Lincosamides}}
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin is bacterio-{{c1::static}}
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin binds the {{c1::50S ribosomal subunit}} inhibiting {{c2::translocation}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotics bind the 50S ribosomal subunit suppressing translocation?{{c1::Clindamycin; Macrolides::2}}
Published 08/23/2023 What is the spectrum of activity for Clindamycin?{{c1::Gram positives; anaerobic infections above the diaphragm::2}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which protein synthesis inhibitor can be used to treat GAS cellulitis?{{c1::Clindamycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin can be used to treat cellulitis caused by {{c1::Strep pyogenes (GAS)}}
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin has activity against methicillin-resistant {{c1::Staph aureus}}
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin is actively transported into {{c1::macrophages}} and can be used to treat {{c2::lung}} abscesses
Published 08/23/2023 Anaerobic infections above the diaphragm are treated with {{c1::clindamycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Anaerobic infections below the diaphragm are treated with {{c1::metronidazole}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic is used as treatment of oral infections and aspiration pneumonia caused by Bacteroides fragilis?{{c1::Clindamycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin treats anaerobic bugs like {{c1::Bacteroides fragilis}} and {{c2::Clostridium perfringens}} above the diaphragm
Published 08/23/2023 Aspiration pneumonia is commonly seen in alcoholics and {{c2::anesthetized}} patients
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin can be used to treat infection by {{c1::Clostridium perfringens}}; can be acquired from road-rash
Published 08/23/2023 Which cutaneous pathology can be treated with topical Clindamycin?{{c1::Acne}}
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Clindamycin}} is a protein synthesis inhibitor thatbinds to the 50s subunit and can be used in the treatment of acne.
Published 08/23/2023 Inflammation of the endometrium due to retained products ofconception, miscarriage, abortion, or foreign body (IUD) is known as {{c1::endometritis}}
Published 08/23/2023 What is the treatment of endometritis?{{c1::Clindamycin + Gentamicin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Bacterial vaginosis caused by {{c2::Gardnerella vaginalis}} is treated with {{c1::clindamycin}} or metronidazole
Published 08/23/2023 What is the most common adverse effect of Clindamycin?{{c1::Diarrhea}}
Published 08/23/2023 C. difficile {{c2::pseudomembranous colitis}} is classically linkedto which protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotic?{{c1::Clindamycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Chloramphenicol is bacterio-{{c1::static}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which two antibiotics bind to the 50S subunit of ribosomes and inhibit translocation?{{c1::Macrolides and Clindamycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic blocks peptidyltransferase at the 50S subunit?{{c1::Chloramphenicol}}
Published 08/23/2023 What two pathologies is Chloramphenicol used to treat?{{c1::Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia) and Meningitis}}
Published 08/23/2023 Chloramphenicol is used to treat {{c2::meningitis}} caused by {{c1::Strep pneumoniae}}, {{c1::H. influenzae}} and {{c1::Neisseria meningitidis}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic is typically used to treat meningitis in developing countries?{{c1::Chloramphenicol}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic is an alternative agent for Rickettsial infections,especially in pregnancy when doxycycline is contraindicated?{{c1::Chloramphenicol}…
Published 08/23/2023 When should Chloramphenicol be used for the treatment of Rickettsial infections?{{c1::Pregnancy}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which protein synthesis inhibitor can cause dose-independent aplastic anemia?{{c1::Chloramphenicol}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor can cause dose-independent bone marrow suppression?{{c1::Chloramphenicol}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which protein synthesis inhibitor can cause Gray baby syndrome in infants?{{c1::Chloramphenicol}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which protein synthesis inhibitor can cause dose-dependent anemia?{{c1::Chloramphenicol}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits formation of the initiation complex?{{c1::Linezolid}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid binds to the {{c1::50S}} ribosomal subunit and inhibits formation of the {{c1::initiation complex}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid is bacterio-{{c1::static**}}
Published 08/23/2023 What is the spectrum of coverage for Linezolid?{{c1::Gram positives}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid has activity against resistant organisms, including {{c1::MRSA}} and {{c1::VRE}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which two antibiotics can be used to treat vancomycin resistant bacteria?{{c1::Linezolid; Daptomycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid can be used to treat {{c1::vancomycin}}-resistant bacteria (ie: Enterococcus)
Published 08/23/2023 Which bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor can cause thrombocytopenia (beside chloramphenicol)?{{c1::Linezolid}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid can result in {{c1::thrombocyto}}-penia (hematologic complication)
Published 08/23/2023 Long term use of Linezolid can result in {{c1::optic}} and {{c1::peripheral}} neuropathy
Published 08/23/2023 Which protein synthesis inhibitor can result in optic and peripheral neuropathy?{{c1::Linezolid}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which protein synthesis inhibitor can precipitate serotonin syndrome?{{c1::Linezolid}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid is a weak {{c2::MAO}} inhibitor, thus predisposing patients to {{c1::serotonin syndrome}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which antibiotic can precipitate serotonin toxicity whencoadministered with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, and buproprion?{{c1::Linezolid}}
Published 08/23/2023 Mechanism of resistance of linezolid includes a {{c1::point}} mutation of the {{c1::ribosomal RNA}}
Published 08/23/2023 Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a combination of two synergistic {{c1::streptogramins}} that have activity against {{c2::VRE}}
Published 08/23/2023 Quinupristin-dalfopristin bind to the {{c1::50S}} ribosomal subunit
Published 08/23/2023 To remember the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics, the pneumonia "Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50" is used30S inhibitors:{{c1::Aminoglycosides (initiatio…
Published 08/23/2023 Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Chloramphenicol inhibit?{{c1::[C]}}
Published 08/23/2023 Paromomycin is used as a luminal agent against {{c1::parasites}} of the GI tract
Published 08/23/2023 Tigecycline is a {{c1::tetracycline}} derivative that is resistant to bacterial {{c2::efflux pumps}}
Published 08/23/2023 Chloramphenicol prevents peptidyl bond formation by inhibiting the enzyme {{c1::peptidyltransferase}}
Published 08/23/2023 Chloramphenicol is hepatically metabolized by {{c1::UDP-glucuronyltransferase}}
Published 08/23/2023 Chloramphenicol is primarily used to treat {{c2::meningitis}} and {{c1::rocky mountain spotted}} fever
Published 08/23/2023 Chloramphenicol causes a dose-{{c1::dependent}} anemia and a dose-{{c1::independent}} aplastic-anemia
Published 08/23/2023 Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in infants as they havent developed enough {{c1::UDP-glucuronyltransferase}}
Published 08/23/2023 If Chloramphenicol levels build up in infants before liver enzymes have developed, this manifests with {{c1::Gray-Baby Syndrome}}
Published 08/23/2023 Resistance to Chloramphenicol is encoded via a plasmid-encoded {{c1::acetyltransferase}} enzyme
Published 08/23/2023 Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Clindamycin inhibit?{{c1::[D]}}
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin prevents translocation by binding the 50S ribosome and sterically hindering {{c1::peptidyl transfer}}
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin is used to treat anaerobic infections {{c1::above}} the diaphragm
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin is effective against invasive Group A Strep and Staph Aureus infection as it is a potent suppressor of the synthesis of their {{c1::toxins…
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin can cause a mild self-limited {{c1::diarrhea}} and fever
Published 08/23/2023 Clindamycin use can unintentionally cause an overgrowth of {{c1::Clostridium difficile}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis does Linezolid inhibit?{{c1::[A]}}
Published 08/23/2023 Is Linezolid bacteriostatic or bactericidal?{{c1::Both :)}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid is a drug of last resort used primarily for {{c1::MRSA}} and {{c2::VRE}}
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid can suppress the {{c1::bone marrow}}, often manifesting with thrombocytopenia
Published 08/23/2023 Linezolid can cause a {{c1::peripheral}} and {{c2::optic}} neuropathy
Published 08/23/2023 Use of Linezolid is contraindicated in patients taking drugs that increase {{c1::seroto}}-nergic transmission
Published 08/23/2023 Resistance to Linezolid is developed via a point mutation of {{c1::ribosomal RNA}}
Published 08/23/2023 Which step ([A] - [E]) of Bacterial Protein Synthesis do Macrolides inhibit?{{c1::[D]}}
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides prevents translocation by binding the 50S ribosome and sterically hindering {{c1::peptidyl transfer}}
Published 08/23/2023 What class of antimicrobials are the following drugs?{{c1::Macrolides}}
Published 08/23/2023 What macrolide is used for Chlamydia (and thus for Chlamydia-Gonorrhea empirical therapy)?{{c1::Azithromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 When treating Chlamydia Trachomatis, when would you use Azithromycin over Doxycycline?- Patients who are {{c1::pregnant}}- Chlamydia Trachomatis serot…
Published 08/23/2023 Prominent side effects of macrolides can be remembered with the mnemonic MACRO:- M{{c1::otility issues of the GI tract}}- A{{c2::rrhythmia due to prol…
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides cause GI motility issues as they agonize the {{c1::motilin}} receptor
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides are often used for {{c1::atypical}}-pneumonias
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides can be used to treat Pertussis as long as it is still in the {{c1::catarrhal}} phase
Published 08/23/2023 Azithromycin can be used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of {{c1::Babesiosis}}
Published 08/23/2023 Erythromycin eye ointment is indicated as prophylaxis for {{c1::gonococcal}} conjunctivitis in the newborn
Published 08/23/2023 Which of the following macrolides inhibit cytochrome p450 enzymes?{{c1::Clarithromycin, Erythromycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 Erythromycin is used off-label for the treatment of gastro-{{c1::paresis}}
Published 08/23/2023 Quinupristin / Dalfopristin is used to treat vancomycin {{c1::resistant::sensitive or resistant}} enterococci
Published 08/23/2023 Treatment for Legionella pneumophila infection includes {{c1::azithromycin (macrolides)}} or levofloxacin/moxifloxacin (fluoroquinolones)
Published 08/23/2023 Treatment for Legionella pneumophila infection includes azithromycin (macrolides) or {{c1::levofloxacin, moxifloxicin (fluoroquinolones)}}
Published 08/23/2023 Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae includes {{c1::macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin)}}, {{c2::doxycycline}}, and {{c3::fluoroquinolones (levoflox…
Published 08/23/2023 Can Clindamycin be used to treat Gardnerella Vaginalis?{{c1::Yes}}
Published 08/23/2023 A patient has recently been scratched by a cat and develops a febrile lymphadenitis, what two classes of drugs can you use?{{c1::Tetracyclines and Mac…
Published 08/23/2023 The triple therapy regimen for Helicobacter Pylori can be remembered with the mnemonic: Antibiotics Cure PyloriA{{c1::moxicillin}}C{{c2::larithromycin…
Published 08/23/2023 Erythromycin can be used to treat Neonatal Conjunctivitis caused by what two microbes?{{c1::Neisseria Gonorrhae, Chlamydophila Trachomatis}}
Published 08/23/2023 A patient develops severe lymphadenopathy, fever, and a painful throat; upon examination of the throat you notice grayish-white membranes - what bacte…
Published 08/23/2023 Before a patient gets a C-section, what combination of drugs should be given prophylactically?{{c1::Gentamicin + Clindamycin}}
Published 08/23/2023 A teenage girl has recently gotten an IUD, but comes back to your office complaining of pelvic pain and on pelvic exam you notice she has uterine blee…
Published 08/23/2023 What is the recommended treatment for vaccinated close contacts of patients with pertussis? {{c1::Prophylactic macrolides}}
Published 08/23/2023 Fidaxomicin is indicated for recurrent cases of infection by {{c1::Clostridium difficile}}
Published 08/23/2023 Is the recurrence rate of C. difficile colitis lower or higher when taking Fidaxomicin than with vancomycin?{{c1::Significantly lower}}
Published 08/23/2023 Does fidaxomicin have a weaker or stronger effect on normal colonic flora than metronidazole or vancomycin? {{c1::weaker}}
Published 08/23/2023 What is the first-line treatment for Bordatella pertussis infection?{{c1::Macrolides}}
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides adverse effects include a {{c1::rash::skin finding}} and {{c2::eosinophilia::CBC abnormality}}
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Macrolides}} may increase the serum concentration of theophylline or oral anticoagulants
Published 08/23/2023 {{c1::Macrolides}} are the treatment of choice for acute otitis media (AOM) in a patient with a previous immediate allergic reaction to a penicillin a…
Published 08/23/2023 Why would a doctor prescribe Azithromycin over other macrolides? {{c1::It is the only one that is not is not a CYP inihbitor and is safe in pregnancy&…
Published 08/23/2023 Macrolides are most active agaisnt gram {{c1::positive}} bacteria
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