Notes in Arterial Blood Gas I

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Published	10/25/2023	6a52cd2cd8964bda8604b970a7fcad63-ao-1
Published	10/27/2023	6a52cd2cd8964bda8604b970a7fcad63-ao-2
Published	11/02/2023	6a52cd2cd8964bda8604b970a7fcad63-ao-3
Published	11/02/2023	6a52cd2cd8964bda8604b970a7fcad63-ao-4
Published	10/25/2023	Metabolic acid{{c2::osis}} Metabolic alkal{{c2::osis}} Respiratory acid{{c2::osis}} Respiratory alkal{{c2::osis}}^^ the process/disease → eventually l…
Published	10/25/2023	25fa9466652a429e8c70470388debb23-ao-1
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Published	11/02/2023	25fa9466652a429e8c70470388debb23-ao-4
Published	10/25/2023	{{c1::Arterial blood gas (ABG)}} analysis is used to determine a person’s {{c2::acid-base}} status *reports the following: {{c3::pH}} (7.35-7.45) {{c3…
Published	10/25/2023	Step 1: pH pH > {{c1::7.40}} = {{c2::alkalemia}} pH < {{c1::7.40}} = {{c3::acidemia}} Step 2: What is the primary proce…
Published	10/25/2023	Step 3: Finding the anion using the {{c1::anion gap}}Our body is {{c6::neutral}}... no excess positive (cations) or negative (anions) charged molecule…
Published	10/27/2023	Step 4: Is compensation present?*Are the lungs breathing faster to try and remove hydrogen via pCO2?{{c1::Winter’s}} Formula: {{c2::(serum bicarbonate…
Published	11/02/2023	c51add1ab82641f7888025511d48eb6a-ao-1
Published	10/25/2023	c51add1ab82641f7888025511d48eb6a-ao-2
Published	10/26/2023	c51add1ab82641f7888025511d48eb6a-ao-3
Published	10/25/2023	c51add1ab82641f7888025511d48eb6a-ao-4
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Published	10/25/2023	59b3b9c498884685bdb7c8202d5373ef-ao-1
Published	11/02/2023	59b3b9c498884685bdb7c8202d5373ef-ao-2
Published	10/25/2023	59b3b9c498884685bdb7c8202d5373ef-ao-3
Published	11/02/2023	59b3b9c498884685bdb7c8202d5373ef-ao-4
Published	10/25/2023	metabolic acidosisHA → makes H+ (acid) and A- (anion)→ H+ binds with {{c1::HCO3-}} → H2O and CO2 *lowers {{c1::HCO3-}}→ A- (anion) is left o…
Published	10/25/2023	Ingestion of...- {{c3::Ethylene glycol}} (Oxalic acid) - Methanol (Formic acid) - Propylene glycol (Lactic acid) - {{c4::Salicylate}} (Salicylic acid)…
Published	10/27/2023	Acute or chronic {{c2::renal}} failure can result in anion gap metabolic acidosis *dianosed by elevated {{c1::BUN}} and {{c1::creatinine}}
Published	10/25/2023	Causes of {{c1::lactic acid}} anion gap metabolic acidosis:Type A lactic acidosis ({{c2::ischemic}})   - septic/hypovolemic/cardiogenic shock Typ…
Published	10/25/2023	34 year old male presents with nausea, vomiting, confusion and diarrhea. Blood pressure is 100/70 mmHg and heart rate 120 beats/minute. Labs are as fo…
Published	10/25/2023	Non-gap metabolic acidosis*NOTE: in acidosis, we expect normal {{c1::kidneys}} to excrete acid typically by binding to {{c2::ammonia}},…
Published	10/29/2023	in {{c1::non-gap}} metabolic acidosis, {{c2::chloride}} is the anion
Published	10/25/2023	in {{c1::anion gap}} metabolic acidosis, lactate, acetocaetate, formate, or oxalate are the anions
Published	10/29/2023	Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)*acidosis and kidney is unable to secrete acid from body → resutls in a {{c10::non-gap::gap or non-gap}} metabolic acidosi…
Published	11/02/2023	06717d07538f43fb8e02f292c34029e1-ao-1
Published	10/25/2023	06717d07538f43fb8e02f292c34029e1-ao-2
Published	10/29/2023	06717d07538f43fb8e02f292c34029e1-ao-3
Published	10/25/2023	58 year old male admitted. Labs are: Na+ 133 mmol/l K+ 2.8 mmol/l Cl- 84 mmol/l Bicarb 36 mmol/l BUN 33 mg/dl Cr 1.1 mg/dl pH 7.49 pCO2 47 mmHg→ {{c…
Published	10/25/2023	If there is an {{c6::anion gap}} in metabolic {{c7::alkalosis}} → {{c6::anion gap}} metabolic {{c4::acidosis}} in the background also p…
Published	10/29/2023	Metabolic Alkalosisgeneration/initiation of process*caused by a process which results in one or more of the following conditions... → net loss of {{c1…
Published	10/29/2023	Differential Diagnosis of Metabolic AlkalosisChloride-responsive/sensitive (Urine Cl- < {{c1::25}} mEq/L) *sometimes called contraction alkalosis..…
Published	10/25/2023	CASE: 58 year old male admitted. Labs are: Na+ 133 mmol/l K+ 2.8 mmol/l Cl- 84 mmol/l Bicarb 36 mmol/l BUN 33 mg/dl Cr 1.1 mg/dl pH 7.49 pCO2 47 mmHg…
Published	10/25/2023	Example of chloride-{{c1::resistant}} metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation*practice the steps...
Published	10/29/2023	CASE: 27 yo female admitted with symptoms. Her blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, heart rate 110 beats/min. Labs as follows: Na+ 131 mEq/L K+ 4.5 mEq/L Cl-…
Published	11/02/2023	Correct anion gap for albuminif {{c1::albumin}} is high or low, correct for it when calculating anion gapcorrected anion gap = actual anio…
Published	10/25/2023	Example of anion gap correction for albuminCASE: Metabolic acidosis with...Na 140Cl 110HCO3- 18Albumin 1 (normal value 4)→ anion gap (AG): {{c1::12}}→…
Published	10/29/2023	CASE: 54 yo female presents with abdominal pain. Labs...Na+ 132 mEq/L K+ 4 mEq/L Cl- 102 mEq/L Albumin 1 g/dl (normal 4) HCO3- 16 mEq/L pH 7.29 pCO2 …
Published	10/25/2023	If compensation check ({{c2::Winter's}} formula) range and patient's measured pCO2 levels do not overlap → there is no compensation present→ so along …
Published	10/25/2023	CASE: 18-year old male with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with vomiting for 48 hours. pH 7.34 paCO2 22mmHg HCO3- 18 meq/l Sodium 140 mmol/l Chl…
Published	10/25/2023	21-year old female brought to the emergency room by EMS with fever and altered mental status.pH 7.11 PaCO2 16mmHg HCO3- 5meq/l Na+ 142 meq/l Cl- 117 m…
Published	10/29/2023	Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTAs)*normally, kidneys...→ ... reabsorb {{c1::bicarbonate}} in proximal tubule→ ... get rid of acid via excreting {{c2::H+}} …
Published	10/29/2023	RTA diagnosis: Urine anion gap- use ONLY in setting of a {{c1::non}}-gap metabolic acidosis *do NOT use when AG is present or when renal failure …
Published	10/25/2023	Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (type 2 RTA)- impaired {{c4::bicarbonate}} reabsorption- can be hereditary or acquired*biggest causes of acquired: amy…
Published	10/25/2023	Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (type 1 RTA)- impaired {{c1::hydrogen}} secretion due to abberant {{c4::H-ATPase}} channel in {{c3::type A int…
Published	10/25/2023	Type 4 Renal Tubular Acidosisaka. {{c1::mineralcorticoid}} deficiency, hypo{{c1::aldosteronism}}, hyper{{c2::kalemic}} RTAhyper{{c2::…
Published	11/02/2023	bccc713ba8fa433089bcf2ca4d3a1222-ao-1
Published	10/25/2023	bccc713ba8fa433089bcf2ca4d3a1222-ao-2
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Published	11/02/2023	bccc713ba8fa433089bcf2ca4d3a1222-ao-4
Published	11/02/2023	CASE: 34 yo patient presents with a complaint.Na+ 140 mEq/L K+ 4 mEq/L Cl- 112 mEq/L Bicarb 18 mEq/L pH 7.26 pCO2 40 mmHg Urinary Na+ 30 mEq/L Urinary…
Published	10/29/2023	8ddac004a0c7418ea7c0c6b2c9cd3148-ao-1
Published	10/29/2023	8ddac004a0c7418ea7c0c6b2c9cd3148-ao-2
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Published	11/02/2023	8ddac004a0c7418ea7c0c6b2c9cd3148-ao-5
Published	11/02/2023	8ddac004a0c7418ea7c0c6b2c9cd3148-ao-6
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