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G32 Anterior Abdominal Wall & Inguinal Region
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uniform-low-juliet-alaska-summer-beryllium
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Last Update
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Published
11/02/2024
The boundaries of the abdominal cavity are as follows:Superior: {{c1::diaphragm}}Inferior: {{c1::pelvic inlet}}{{c1::Anterolateral and posterior abdom…
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The abdominal cavity can be divided into either {{c1::four quadrants}} or {{c1::nine regions}}.
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The four quadrants of the abdominal cavity are divided by the {{c1::median}} plane and a {{c1::transumbilical}} plane through the {{c1::T10}} dermatom…
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The nine regions of the abdomen are divided by {{c1::2 parasagittal midclavicular planes}} vertically, a {{c1::subcostal}} plane along the lowest marg…
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The umbilicus is at the level of the {{c1::T10}} dermatome and the {{c1::L3/4}} IV disc.
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The {{c2::linea alba}} is the {{c1::subcutaneous::tissue layer}} fibrous band extending from the {{c1::xiphoid process}} to the {{c1::pubic symphysis}…
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{{c1::Raphe}} are seams that form by the interweaving of the {{c2::aponeuroses}} of the body wall musculature. Some can be observed along the {{c1::li…
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The central depression of the abdomen demarcates the {{c1::division between the left and right rectus abdominis mm}}.
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The {{c2::linea semilunaris}} is composed of two curved lines that run vertically from the {{c1::inferior costal margin near the 9th costal cartilage}…
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The {{c1::tendinous intersections}} of the abdomen are {{c2::3-5}} fibrous bands that run {{c2::transverse}} to the {{c2::rectus abdominis}}.
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The {{c1::inguinal groove}} is the skin crease that runs superficially to the {{c2::inguinal ligament}}.
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The inguinal ligament runs from the {{c1::anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)}} to the {{c1::pubic tubercle}}.
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The anterolateral abdominal wall is bound superiorly by {{c1::the cartilages of ribs T7-10}} and the {{c1::xiphoid process}} and inferiorly by the {{c…
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From superificial to deep, the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall are as follows:{{c1::SkinCamper's fascia Scarpa's fasciaDeep investing fasci…
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The superificial fatty layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall is known as {{c1::camper's fascia.}}
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The deeper membranous layer of the superificial anterolateral abdominal fascia is known as {{c1::scarpa's fascia}}. It can be found {{c1::inferior to …
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The deep investing fascia of the anterolateral abdominal wall invests {{c1::the external abdominal obliques, the internal abdominal obliques, and the …
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What muscles compose the anterolateral abdominal wall?{{c1::External obliquesInternal obliquesTransversus abdominisRectus abdominisPyramidalis::5}}
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The external obliques arise from {{c1::the external sufraces of ribs 5-12}}. They insert upon {{c1::the linea alba, the pubic tubercle, and the anteri…
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The external obliques are innervated by {{c1::T7-T12 anterior rami}}. They function to {{c1::compress the abdominal contents, flex the trunk (bilatera…
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The internal obliques arise from {{c1::the middle thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest}}. They insert upon {{c1::the inferior …
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The internal obliques are innervated by {{c1::the ventral rami of T7-L1}}. They function to {{c1::compress the abdominal contents, flex the trunk (bil…
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The transversus abdominis arises from {{c1::the costal cartilages of ribs 7-12 on the inner surface, the middle thoracolumbar fascia, and the iliac cr…
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The transversus abdominis is innervated by {{c1::the ventral rami of T7-L1}}. It functions to {{c1::compress the abdominal contents}}.
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The rectus abdominis arises from {{c1::the pubic crest and symphysis}}. It inserts upon {{c1::the costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid proces…
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The pyramidalis arises from {{c1::the body of the pubis and the pubic symphysis}}. It inserts upon the {{c1::linea alba}}.
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The pyramidalis is innervated by {{c1::the iliohypogastric n (T12-L1)}}. It functions to {{c1::tense the linea alba}}.
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External abdominal oblique mm. orient their fibers {{c1::inferomedially (hands in the pockets)}}.
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Internal abdominal oblique mm. orient their fibers {{c1::superomedially}}.
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The transversus abdominal m. orients its fibers {{c1::horizontally towards the midline}}.
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The {{c1::pyramidalis::muscles}} are absent in the abdominal wall of 20% of individuals.
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Collectively, the aponeuroses of the lateral body wall muscles form the {{c1::rectus sheath}}. The posterior wall runs deep to the {{c1::rectus abdomi…
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The {{c1::arcuate line}} lines the {{c2::inferior margin}} of the {{c2::posterior layer of the rectus sheath}}.
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The {{c2::external abdominal oblique aponeurosis}} can be observed {{c1::anterior}} to the rectus abdominis {{c1::both above and below}} the level of …
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Above the arcuate line, half of the {{c1::internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis}} runs anterior to the rectus abdominus and the other half posterior.…
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The {{c1::transversus abdominis muscle}} contributes to the rectus sheath posteriorly {{c2::above}} the arcuate line and {{c2::anteriorly}} below the …
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The {{c2::median}} and {{c2::medial umbilical}} ligaments line the internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall and are remnants of the {{c1::urach…
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The {{c2::lateral umbilical folds}} are formed from {{c1::the inferior epigastic a/v}}.
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The inguinal triangle (aka {{c1::hesselbach's}} triangle) is bound by the {{c1::lateral umbilical fold}}, the {{c1::inguinal ligament}} and the {{c1::…
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Why are congenital hernias so common?{{c1::The anterior abdominal wall is relatively weak around the umbilical ring.}}
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What two demographics are most at risk for acquiring a hernia?{{c1::Obese patients and pregnant women.}}
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The {{c2::iliohypograstic}} nerve is a branch of {{c1::T12-L1}}. It supplies {{c1::the inguinal and hypogastric regions}}.
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The {{c2::ilioinguinal}} nerve arises from {{c1::L1}}. It supplies {{c1::the scrotum/labium majus, the mons pubis, and the superomedial thigh::3}}.
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The inferior epigastric artery arises from {{c1::the external iliac artery}} and anastamoses with the {{c1::superior epigastric artery}} which arises …
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The inferior epigastric artery travels superiorly within {{c1::the rectus sheath}} after entering through the {{c1::arcuate line}}.
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The deep cricumflex iliac artery arises from {{c1::the external iliac artery}}.
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The superficial iliac circumflex artery arises from {{c1::the femoral artery}}.
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The superficial epigastric artery arises from {{c1::the femoral artery}}.
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The {{c2::thoracoepigastric}} vein is an anastamosis of the {{c1::superficial epigastric vein}} and the {{c1::lateral thoracic vein}}. It creates coll…
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Superficial abdominal regions superior to the umbilicus are drained by {{c1::axillary}} lymph nodes.
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Superficial abdominal regions inferior to the umbilicus are drained by {{c1::superficial inguinal}} lymph nodes.
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Deep abdominal regions are drained by the {{c1::external iliac, internal iliac, and lumbar::3}} lymph nodes.
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The inguinal region extends between the {{c1::ASIS}} and {{c1::pubic tubercle}}.
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Two ligaments arising as reflections from the pubic tubercle are the {{c1::lacunar}} and {{c1::pectineal}} ligaments. They insert upon {{c2::the super…
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The deep inguinal ring is formed from the {{c1::evagination of the transversalis fascia}} that first pass through an opening in the {{c1::transversus …
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The superficial inguinal ring is formed by the opening of the {{c1::aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique}}, {{c1::superolateral}} to the pubi…
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The inguinal canal is anteriorly bound by {{c1::the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique}}.Posteriorly it is bound by the {{c1::transversalis…
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The inguinal canal forms in conjunction with {{c1::the descent of the primordial gonads}}.
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The testes and ovaries first develop {{c1::within the posterior retroperitoneal space at roughly the level of T10}}. They are anchored to the {{c1::in…
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The testes, along with the {{c1::gubernaculum}} and an overlying layer of {{c1::peritoneum}} called the {{c1::processus vaginalis}}, descend to the de…
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The internal lining of the developing scrotum is call the {{c1::processus vaginalis}}.
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As we develop, the processus vaginalis loses its connection to the {{c1::peritoneal cavity}} and is {{c1::largely obliterated}}. This leaves behind a …
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The portion of the female gubernaculum that passes through the inguinal canal is termed the {{c1::round ligament of the uterus}}.
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Female inguinal canals are {{c1::smaller }} than males' with {{c1::indistinguishable}} fascial coverings.
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The majority of abdominal hernias are {{c1::inguinal::umbilical/femoral/inguinal/hiatal}}.
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Inguinal hernias are more frequently observed in {{c1::men}} due to {{c1::the passage of the spermatic cord}}.
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A congenital ({{c1::indirect}}) inguinal hernia can result from {{c1::a persistent processus vaginalis}} in men.
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The contents of the female inguinal canal are as follows:{{c1::the round ligament of the uterus (gubernaculum remnant)the genital branch of the genito…
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The contents of the male inguinal canal are as follows{{c1::the spermatic cord, its fascia, and its contents:ductus deferenstesticular a, cremasteric …
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The spermatic fascia is composed of 3 layers.They are:{{c1::-The internal spermatic fascia - from the transversalis fascia-The cremasteric fascia and …
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The cremasteric mm. is responsible for {{c1::drawing the testes superiorly in the scrotum}}. This is important for {{c1::thermoregulation}}.
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The cremasteric mm. is innervated by {{c1::the genital branch of the genitofemoral n.}} from {{c1::L1-L2}}.
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The scrotum is homologous to the {{c1::labia majora}}.
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The scrotum has {{c1::two}} layers. The {{c1::skin and the dartos mm/fascia}}.
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The dartos muscle serves to {{c1::wrinkle the skin of the testis to aid in thermoregulation}}. It is continuous with {{c1::scarpas fascia}}.
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The septum of the scrotum is demarcted externally by {{c1::the scrotal raphe}}.
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The scrotum is supplied arterialy by:{{c1::the posterior scrotal artery}} - {{c2::a branch of the perineal branch of the internal pudendal artery}}{{c…
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Lymph from the scrotum drains into {{c1::the superficial inguinal lymph nodes}}.
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The {{c1::tunica vaginalis}} is a sequestered peritoneal sac draping over the testis. It is derived from the {{c1::processus vaginalis}} and has {{c1:…
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The tough connective tissue forming the outer capsule of the testis is known as the {{c1::tunica albuginea}}.
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The densely coilded ducts that are the site of spermatogenesis are called the {{c1::seminiferous tubules}} which open into the {{c1::rete testis}}.
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Spermatozoa pass from the {{c1::rete testis}} to the {{c1::efferent ductules}} and then into the {{c2::epididymis}}.
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Spermatozoa mature into sperm and are stored within {{c1::the duct of the epididymis}}.
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The muscular tube that carries sperm from the epidydmis to the ejaculatory duct is called the {{c1::ductus (vas) deferens}}. It traverses the {{c…
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Testicular vv. form the {{c1::pampiniform plexus}} within the spermatic cords in order to {{c1::aid in testicular thermoregulation}}.
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The right testicular vein drains into {{c1::the IVC}}, the left into {{c1::the left renal vein}}.
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The testis are innervated by the {{c1::testicular plexus}} which follows the {{c1::testicular artery}}. Innervations arise from {{c1::vagal}} parasymp…
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The lymph of the testis are drained by the {{c1::preaortic}} and {{c1::lumbar}} lymph nodes.
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Direct hernias occur {{c1::within the inguinal triangle, medial to the inferior epigastric a.}}Indirect occur {{c1::lateral to the triangle and the ep…
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The genitofermoral nn. arise from {{c1::L1-L2 ventral}} rami.
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The transversalis fascia is continuous with the {{c1::anterior thoracolumbar and internal spermatic::both anteriorly and posteriorly}} fascia
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The middle thoracolumbar fascia is continuous with both {{c1::the transversus abdominus and internal abdominal obliques::abdominal structures}}
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Scrotal innervation can be divided into anterior, anterolateral, posterior, and inferior divisions.anterior: {{c1::the anterior scrotal n. from the il…
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Status
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