Notes in 04OBS

To Subscribe, use this Key

Subdecks

Name
01 Bleeding in the first half of pregnancy

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/04/2024	More than 80% of spontaneous abortions occur within the first {{c1::12}} weeks of gestation
Published	09/04/2024	Most aneuploid abortions (95%) occur because of {{c1::maternal gametogenesis}} errors
Published	09/04/2024	Single most frequent specific chromosomal abnormality{{c1::Monosomy X (45, X)Turner Syndrome (9-13%)}}
Published	09/04/2024	QC. Abortion less than 8 weeks 1. Chromosomal abnormalities2. Maternal factors{{c1::A}}
Published	09/04/2024	T or FUncomplicated procedures performed during early pregnancy are unlikely to increase abortion risk{{c1::True}}
Published	09/04/2024	[QC]1. Underweight Pregnant Px2. Risk of Abortion{{c1::C}}
Published	09/04/2024	Caffeine content threshold associated with abortion {{c1::>500 mg/day}}
Published	09/04/2024	What are 5 types of spontaneous abortion?{{c1::ThreatenedInevitableIncompleteComplete Missed}}
Published	09/04/2024	Spontaneous {{c2::Threatened::Type}} Abortion Clinical Presentation:Vaginal bleeding w/ hypogastric painPE findingsClosed cervixUterine size…
Published	09/04/2024	Inevitable {{c2::Spontaneous::Type}} Abortion Clinical Presentation Vaginal bleeding With or without hypogastric painFever (only associ…
Published	09/04/2024	Spontaneous {{c2::Incomplete::Type}} abortionClinical Presentation Vaginal bleedingHypogastric PainPE FindingsDilated cervixUterine size {{c1::&l…
Published	09/04/2024	Spontaneous {{c2::Complete::Type}} abortionClinical Presentation Vaginal bleedingHypogastric PainPE FindingsClosed cervixUterine size {{c1::< …
Published	09/04/2024	Spontaneous abortion - InevitableUltrasound Findings{{c1::Live, intrauterine pregnancy}}Management{{c1::If the fetus is still alive →bed rest and anti…
Published	09/04/2024	Spontaneous abortion - IncompleteUltrasound Findings{{c2::Placental tissues}}Management{{c1::Completion curettage}}
Published	09/04/2024	Spontaneous abortion - CompleteUltrasound FindingsMinimally-thickened endometrial lining WITHOUT gestational sacManagement{{c1::Observation}}
Published	09/04/2024	Spontaneous abortion - MissedUltrasound Findings{{c2::Dead fetus within the endometrial cavity}}Management{{c1::ObservationDilation and curettage}}
Published	09/04/2024	Early pregnancy loss include gestational sac containing embryo without fetal heart activity within the first {{c1::12 6/7}} weeks of gestation
Published	09/04/2024	In Early Pregnancy Loss - An initial US scan shows a gestational sac without yolk sac, and after ≥ {{c1::2 weeks}} no embryo with heartbeat is seen
Published	09/04/2024	{{c1::Induced abortion}} - Medical or surgical termination of pregnancy before the time of fetal viability
Published	09/04/2024	Recurrent Pregnancy Loss is defined as {{c1::3 or more::number}} consecutive abortions
Published	09/04/2024	Three widely accepted causes of RPL{{c1::Parental chromosomal abnormalitiesAntiphospholipid antibody syndromeStructural uterine abnormalities}}
Published	09/04/2024	{{c1::Primary RPL}} - Multiple losses in a woman who has NEVER delivered a liveborn{{c1::Secondary RPL}} - Multiple pregnancy losses in a patient…
Published	09/04/2024	Incompetent cervix Dx: TVS with cervical length of <{{c1::2.5}} cm ({{c1::16-24}} wks AOG)
Published	09/04/2024	Why can't patients with cervical insufficiency cannot feel passive cervical dilatation?{{c1::Cervix just opens up on its own and there are no contract…
Published	09/04/2024	Pharmacologic treatment for women without a history of preterm birth but with a short cervix{{c1::Progesterone therapy}}
Published	09/04/2024	Prophylactic cerclage for cervical insufficiency should be removed at {{c1::35-36}} wks AOG to avoid uterine rupture
Published	09/04/2024	Contraindication for cerclage prophylaxis {{c1::TwinsRuptured membranes}}
Published	09/04/2024	Type of abortions that is highly correlated to septic abortion {{c1::InducedSurgical::2}}
Published	09/04/2024	Prophylaxis drug for septic abortion {{c1::Doxycycline}}
Published	09/04/2024	Most common site of ectopic pregnancy implantation {{c1::Fallopian tube}}
Published	09/04/2024	T or FSmoking is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy occurrence{{c1::True}}
Published	09/04/2024	Fallopian tube segment associated with LATE tubal rupture {{c1::Interstitial portion}}
Published	09/04/2024	Fallopian tube segment associated with tubal abortion {{c1::FimbriaeAmpullary}}
Published	09/04/2024	Significant clinical presentation with tubal rupture that is absent from patients with unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy {{c1::Unstable vital si…
Published	09/04/2024	Sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy Adnexal findings {{c2::Inhomogeneous complex adnexal mass separate from the ovaryDoppler Imaging:…
Published	09/04/2024	Procedure done by inserting a long spiny needle into the cul de sac to aspirate any presence of blood or clot{{c1::Culdocentesis}}
Published	09/04/2024	2 Tests to request to differentiate an ectopic vs intrauterine pregnancy{{c1::Serial B-hCGSerum progesterone level}}
Published	09/04/2024	Threshold level for serum progesterone to consider failing pregnancy or ectopic {{c1::<5 ng/mL}}
Published	09/04/2024	Threshold level for serum progesterone to consider healthy intrauterine pregnancy{{c1::>25 ng/mL}}
Published	09/04/2024	Preferred surgical treatment for ectopic pregnancy unless woman is hemodynamically unstable{{c1::Laparoscopy}}
Published	09/04/2024	β-hCG level goal for methorexate therapy in ectopic pregnancy {{c1::<15 mIU/mL}}
Published	09/04/2024	{{c1::Transvaginal ultrasound::Diagnostic test}} must first be done if you are suspecting placenta previa in a patient who is bleeding
Published	09/04/2024	Low lying placenta is placed within {{c1::2}} cm perimeter around the os
Published	09/04/2024	The placenta usually migrates away from internal os before {{c1::28}} weeks AOG
Published	09/04/2024	After diagnostically locating a placenta previa at 28th week AOG, at which week should you perfrom another TVS to verify placental location?{{c1::32nd…
Published	09/04/2024	Elevated prenatal maternal serum {{c1::alpha-fetoprotein (msAFP)}} levels (>2) increase the risk for placental previa
Published	09/04/2024	For px w/ placenta previa and active bleeding, give {{c1::nifedipine (tocolytics)}}. If bleeding does not stop, {{c1::CS}}
Published	09/04/2024	What two procedures are prepared in double set-up technique for placenta previa?{{c1::Cervical digital examinationPreparation for immediate CS deliver…
Published	09/04/2024	Management for pregnant patient with placenta previa with no active bleeding and a preterm fetus {{c1::Close obseervation}}
Published	09/04/2024	Magnesium sulfate is given preterm fetus when treating placenta previa for {{c1::neuroprotection}}
Published	09/04/2024	At which week from AOG is it appropriate to perform CS delivery for pregnant patient with placenta previa?{{c1::36 - 37 week}}
Published	09/04/2024	Type of uterine incision that is favored for CS delivery {{c1::Low transverse}}
Published	09/04/2024	What condition would vertical incision of CS delivery be favored compared to default low transverse?{{c1::If placenta is anteriorly located with patie…
Published	09/04/2024	T or FIn cases of low lying placenta, vaginal delivery AND CS delivery are viable options {{c1::True}}
Published	09/04/2024	Two complications that can arise from placenta previa {{c1::Placenta Accrete SyndromesDisseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy}}
Published	09/04/2024	Mechanism for DIC complication of placenta previa {{c1::Placental thromboplastin forced into the maternal circulation}}
Published	09/04/2024	Patients who have 2nd trimester TVS findings of placenta previa, follow-up at {{c1::28th}} week if with prior CS, and again at {{c2::32nd}} week
Published	09/04/2024	Patients who have 2nd trimester TVS findings of placenta previa, follow-up at {{c1::32nd}} week if without prior CS
Published	09/04/2024	Placenta accrete occurs because of absence of decidua basalis layer and imperfect development of {{c1::fibrinoid or nitabuch layer}}
Published	09/04/2024	At which week should fetal delivery be performed on patients with placenta accrete ?{{c1::34 - 35 week}}
Published	09/04/2024	FHT finding in placenta abruption {{c1::Baseline bradycardiaRep. late decelerations}}
Published	09/04/2024	QC. Higher prevalence of DIC 1. Abruptio external hemorrhage2. Abruptio concealed hemorrhage{{c1::B}}
Published	09/04/2024	QC. Better prognosis1. Abruptio external hemorrhage2. Abruptio concealed hemorrhage{{c1::A}}
Published	09/04/2024	Abnormal uterine anatomical feature that poses high risk factors for both placental abruption and placenta previa {{c1::Uterine myomas}}
Published	09/04/2024	Complication to pituitary gland during labor in cases of placenta abruptio {{c1::Sheehan Syndrome}}
Published	09/04/2024	Affected organ as complciation of placenta abruptio secondary to shock{{c1::Kidney Injury}}
Published	09/04/2024	Possible complications of placental abruptio{{c1::Fetal compromiseHypovolemic shockAKIDICCouvelaire UterusSheehan Syndrome}}
Published	09/04/2024	When is vaginal delivery indicated in cases of placental abruptio?{{c1::Fetal deathFully dilated cervix - 6 cm}}
Published	09/04/2024	Preferred method of fetal delivery in cases of placental abruptio if there is still viability ?{{c1::CS deliver}}
Published	09/04/2024	{{c1::Early amniotomy}} can be performed in placetnal abruptio as adjunct while waiting for CS or Vaginal delivery to control bleeding
Published	09/04/2024	Most common cause of maternal mortality {{c1::Postpartum hemorrhage}}
Published	09/04/2024	Triad of maternal death{{c1::Obstetrical hemorrhageHypertensionInfection}}
Published	09/04/2024	Which layer of uterus is important for hemostasis after delivery?{{c1::Myometrium}}
Published	09/04/2024	T or FProcoagulants have equal ability with myometrial layer of uterus to prevent postpartum bleeding {{c1::False}}
Published	09/04/2024	Condition where procoagulants have a role in preventing postpartum bleeding{{c1::Uterine lacerations}}
Published	09/04/2024	Familiarize estimated {{c1::blood}} loss
Published	09/04/2024	Onset of late postpartum hemorrhage{{c1::Bleeding after first 24 hrs }}
Published	09/04/2024	QC. Inhalation anesthetics1. Uterine contraction 2. Uterine relaxation {{c1::B}}
Published	09/04/2024	Location and procedure of uterine massage management for uterine atony {{c1::Bimanual massage at fundal area of uterus }}
Published	09/04/2024	If there is still uterine atony and hemorrhage after oxytocin, proceed to {{c1::ergot derivatives::drug}}
Published	09/04/2024	Condition where ergot derivatives CANNOT be given as management of uterine atony if oxytocin would not work {{c1::If patient is hypertensive}}
Published	09/04/2024	Side effect of IV ergot derivatives as management to uterine atony {{c1::Hypertension}}
Published	09/04/2024	Give ROA for ff. prostaglandin to manage uterine atony Carboprost (PGF2a){{c3::IM}}Dinoprostone (PGE2){{c2::Suppository }}Misoprostol (PGE1)…
Published	09/04/2024	Synthetic oxytocin analogue that binds to the same oxytocin receptors to manage uterine atony {{c1::Carbetocin}}
Published	09/04/2024	Contraindication of carbetocin {{c1::Allergic to oxytocinVascular diseaseHypertension}}
Published	09/04/2024	After unsuccessful standard management and conservative measures to stop postpartum hemorrhage, perform {{c1::hysterectomy}}
Published	09/04/2024	{{c1::Bimanual compression::Management}} is the first choice if unresponsive to uterotonics  in case of postpartum hemorrhage
Published	09/04/2024	How to perform bimanual compression?{{c1::Posterior uterine wall massaged by one hand on the abdomen while the other hand is made into a fist and plac…
Published	09/04/2024	Complication from uterine packing as tamponade to prevent hemorrhage{{c1::Concealed bleeding and infection}}
Published	09/04/2024	Preferred method for internal uterine tamponade to stop hemorrhage{{c1::Balloon temponade}}
Published	09/04/2024	Type of compression suture with 4 square sutures on the anterior abdominal wall{{c1::Cho technique}}
Published	09/04/2024	Type of compression suture with two vertical and three horizontal {{c1::Pereira technique}}
Published	09/04/2024	{{c1::Hypogastric}} artery supplies blood to the uterus
Published	09/04/2024	Origin of hypogastric artery {{c1::Internal iliac artery}}
Published	09/04/2024	QC. Ligation for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage1. Anterior division of internal iliac artery2. Posterior division of internal iliac artery{{c1::A…
Published	09/04/2024	Vessel to be ligated for lateral part of hysterectomy incision {{c1::Uterine artery}}
Published	09/04/2024	75% Accreta are associated with {{c1::Placenta previa::placenta abnormality}}
Published	09/04/2024	Radiologic method of management to stop postpartum hemorrhage{{c1::Angiographic embolization}}
Published	09/04/2024	Predisposing factors for uterine inversion{{c1::Fundal placental implantationUterine atonyCord traction applied before placental separationPlacenta ac…
Published	09/04/2024	In normal delivery, the uterine fundus should be {{c1::~1}} cm below or at the level of the umbilicus after the third stage of labor
Published	09/04/2024	CBA. Degree of uterine inversion Fundus protrudes to or beyond the introitusA. First degreeB. Second degreeC. Third degreeD. Fourth degree{{c1::C…
Published	09/04/2024	CBA. Degree of uterine inversion Fundus protrudes through cervical osA. First degreeB. Second degreeC. Third degreeD. Fourth degree{{c1::B}}
Published	09/04/2024	CBA. Degree of uterine inversion Fundus is within the endometrial cavityA. First degreeB. Second degreeC. Third degreeD. Fourth degree{{c1::A}}
Published	09/04/2024	Pharmacologic management of early uterine inversion {{c1::Tocolytics (terbutaline)}}
Published	09/04/2024	Last intervention option for uterine inversion if all other management have failed{{c1::Patient placed on reverse Trendelenburg lithotomy and warmed f…
Published	09/04/2024	Type of surgical incision performed as intervention for inverted uterus {{c1::Haultain incision}}
Published	09/04/2024	Bleeding despite a firmly contracted uterus is a strong evidence of {{c1::genital tract laceration::Uterine abnormality}}
Published	09/04/2024	When uterus is firmly contracted, rule out {{c1::Atony}} & {{c1::Inversion}}
Published	09/04/2024	Condition needed to repair cervical laceration as precaution for bleeding {{c1::If there’s active bleeding}}
Published	09/04/2024	When does uterine hematoma be diagnosed after labor {{c1::1-3 hours after}}
Published	09/04/2024	CBA. Hematoma finding Torn vessel lies above the pelvic fasciaA. VulvarB. Paravaginal C. RetroperitonealD. Supralevator {{c1::D}}
Published	09/04/2024	CBA. Hematoma finding Bleeding extends, upwards, between the leaves of the broad ligamentA. VulvarB. Paravaginal C. RetroperitonealD. Supral…
Published	09/04/2024	CBA. Hematoma finding Tense, fluctuant, tender swelling, covered by discolored skinA. VulvarB. Paravaginal C. RetroperitonealD. Supralevator…
Published	09/04/2024	Management of retroperitoneal hematoma{{c1::Exploratory laparotomy}}
Status	Last Update	Fields