Notes in Tissue Types

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/30/2023	Principle functions of epithelial tissue:
Published	08/30/2023	Four major tissue types
Published	08/30/2023	Epithelial cells generally show {{c1::polarity}}, with organelles and membrane proteins distributed unevenly within the cell.
Published	08/30/2023	The {{c1::basal}} pole contacts the ECM and connective tissue.
Published	08/30/2023	The {{c1::apical}} pole faces the "space".
Published	08/30/2023	The two parts of the basement membrane are the {{c1::basal lamina}} and {{c1::reticular lamina}}.
Published	08/30/2023	The basal pole of all epithelial cells rests on the {{c1::basement membrane}}
Published	08/30/2023	basement membrane
Published	08/30/2023	On TEM, basal lamina appear {{c1::electron-dense and sheetlike layer.}}
Published	08/30/2023	On TEM, reticular lamina appear {{c1::diffuse and fibrous}}.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Tight/occluding junctions}} form a seal between adjacent cells
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Adherent/anchoring junctions}} are sites of strong cell adhesion.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Gap junctions}} are channels for communication between adjacent cells
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Simple}} epithelia contain one cell layer and {{c1::stratified }} epithelia contain two or more layers.
Published	08/30/2023	Three subclasses of simple epithelia
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Connective tissue}} provides a matrix that supports and physically connects other tissues and cells together to form the organs of the body.&nbs…
Published	08/30/2023	The major constituent of connective tissue is the {{c1::extracellular matrix (ECM).}}
Published	08/30/2023	Extracellular matrices consist of different combinations of {{c1::protein fibers}} and {{c1::ground substance}}
Published	08/30/2023	Main-ish components of ground substance
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Fibroblasts }} are the key cells in connective tissue.
Published	08/30/2023	Fibroblasts synthesize and secrete {{c1::collagen and elastin}} (two proteins).
Published	08/30/2023	Function of macrophages
Published	08/30/2023	Function of mast cells
Published	08/30/2023	Three main types of connective tissue fibers:
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1:: Reticular fibers }} consist mainly of {{c2::collagen type III}} for the support of many different cells.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Elastic fibers}} are a composite of {{c2::fibrillin }}, which forms a network of {{c3::microfibrils}}, embedded in a larger mass of {{c4::c…
Published	08/30/2023	Water in the ground substance of connective tissue is referred to as {{c1::interstitial fluid }}
Published	08/30/2023	Function of the ground substance of the ECM:
Published	08/30/2023	Areolar Tissue (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Dense connective tissue (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Dense irregular connective tissue (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Dense regular connective tissue (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Reticular tissue (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Two major types of adipose tissue are {{c1::white and brown}}.
Published	08/30/2023	White adipose tissue (description)
Published	08/31/2023	Brown adipose tissue (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Cartilage (description)
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Chondrocytes}} are specialized types of cells that are responsible for making cartilage.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Perichondrium}} is a sheath of dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.
Published	08/30/2023	Three types of cartilage
Published	08/30/2023	Hyaline cartilage (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Elastic cartilage (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Fibrocartilage (description)
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Lacunae}} are the cavities between the bone matrix layers, also known as {{c1::lamellae}}.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Canaliculi }} are small canals running through the bone solid matrix which house cytoplasmic processes.
Published	08/30/2023	Osteoblasts
Published	08/30/2023	Osteoclasts
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::endosteum }} lines the internal surface surrounding the marrow cavity and {{c2::periosteum }} lines the external surface of the bone.&…
Published	08/31/2023	Osteoclasts on the bone surface lie within enzymatically etched depressions or cavities in the matrix known as {{c1::resorption lacunae}}
Published	08/30/2023	Two major components of a cross-section of bone are {{c1::cortical (hard bone)}} and {{c2::cancellous bone (marrow)}}.
Published	08/30/2023	Two types of organization in cancellous and cortical bone:
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::lamellar}} bone exists as discrete sheets while{{c2:: woven}} bone is newly formed with randomly arranged components
Published	08/30/2023	Osteon/Haversian system
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Central nervous system (CNS)}} consists of the {{c2::brain and the spinal cord}}
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Peripheral nervous system (PNS)}}, composed of the {{c2::cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves}} conducting impulses to and from the CNS
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Multipolar neurons}} contain {{c2::one}} axon and {{c2::two or more}} dendrites.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Bipolar neurons}} contain {{c2::one}} dendrite and {{c2::one}} axon, comprise the sensory neurons of the retina, the olfactory epithelium, …
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Unipolar neurons}} have a {{c2::single}} process that bifurcates close to the cell body, extending to {{c2::the periphery an…
Published	08/30/2023	Function of anaxonic neurons
Published	08/30/2023	In the CNS, most {{c2::neuronal bodies}} occur in the {{c1::gray matter}}, with their {{c2::axons}} concentrated in the {{c1::white matter.}}
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Sensory}} neurons are {{c2::afferent}}, {{c1::motor neurons}} are {{c2::efferent}}.
Published	08/30/2023	In the PNS, {{c2::cell bodies}} are found in {{c1::ganglia}} and {{c2::axons}} are bundled in {{c1::nerves}}.
Published	08/30/2023	Regions with {{c1::concentrated RER }} are {{c2::basophilic}} and are distinguished as {{c3::chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies) }}
Published	08/30/2023	The plasma membrane of the axon is the {{c1::axolemma}} and its contents are known as {{c1::axoplasm}}.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Anterograde transport}} uses {{c2::kinesin}} and moves stuff from {{c3::cell body to periphery}}.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Retrograde transport}} uses {{c2::dynein}} and moves stuff from {{c3::periphery to cell body}}.
Published	08/30/2023	Two major cell types in neural tissue:
Published	08/30/2023	Function of glial cells
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Myelin sheath }}electrically insulates the axon and facilitates rapid transmission of nerve impulses
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Myelin}} is formed by the wrapping of {{c2::oligodendrocytes}} in the CNS.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Astrocytes}} primarily form and maintain the blood-brain barrier
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)}} serves as a unique marker for {{c2::astrocytes}} (cell type).
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Ependymal cells}} are cells that line the {{c2::fluid-filled ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.}}
Published	08/30/2023	Function of microglia in the CNS
Published	08/30/2023	Function of Schwann cells
Published	08/30/2023	Endoneurium
Published	08/30/2023	Perineurium
Published	08/30/2023	Epineurium
Published	08/30/2023	79c2ff707f284c57b58cc64a83c32f7b-ao-1
Published	08/30/2023	79c2ff707f284c57b58cc64a83c32f7b-ao-2
Published	08/30/2023	79c2ff707f284c57b58cc64a83c32f7b-ao-3
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Ganglia}} are typically ovoid structures containing {{c2::neuronal cell bodies and their surrounding glial satellite cells }}
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Ganglia}} serve as {{c1::relay stations}} to transmit nerve impulses with one nerve entering and another exiting each.
Published	08/30/2023	Three types of muscle tissue
Published	08/30/2023	Key features of cardiac muscle:
Published	08/30/2023	Key features of skeletal muscle:
Published	08/30/2023	Key features of smooth muscle:
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Epimysium }} is an external sheath of dense irregular connective tissue, surrounding the entire muscle.
Published	08/30/2023	The {{c1::perimysium}} is a thin connective tissue layer that immediately surrounds each fascicle of fibers.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::The endomysium}} surrounds the external lamina of individual muscle fibers within fascicles.
Published	08/30/2023	The cytoplasm of muscle cells is the {{c1::sarcoplasm}}, the smooth ER is the{{c1:: sarcoplasmic reticulum}}, and the muscle cell membrane and it…
Published	08/30/2023	a2eb7efa1e7b422f94892c83b91931e5-ao-1
Published	08/30/2023	a2eb7efa1e7b422f94892c83b91931e5-ao-2
Published	08/30/2023	a2eb7efa1e7b422f94892c83b91931e5-ao-3
Published	08/30/2023	a2eb7efa1e7b422f94892c83b91931e5-ao-4
Published	08/30/2023	a2eb7efa1e7b422f94892c83b91931e5-ao-5
Published	08/30/2023	a2eb7efa1e7b422f94892c83b91931e5-ao-6
Published	08/30/2023	a2eb7efa1e7b422f94892c83b91931e5-ao-7
Published	08/30/2023	a2eb7efa1e7b422f94892c83b91931e5-ao-8
Published	08/30/2023	The {{c2::dark bands}} on the myofibrils are called {{c1::A bands }}
Published	08/30/2023	The {{c2::light bands}} on myofibrils are called {{c1::I bands }}
Published	08/30/2023	In the TEM, {{c1::each I band}} is seen to be bisected by a {{c2::dark transverse line}}, known as the {{c2:: Z disc}}.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Myofilaments}} are primarily composed of{{c2:: myosin and F-actin,}}
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Cardiac muscle}} cells form {{c2::complex junctions}} between interdigitating processes rather than fusing into fibers.
Published	08/30/2023	Intercalated discs (description)
Published	08/30/2023	{{c2::Intercalated disc regions}} are composed of many {{c1::desmosomes and fascia adherens junctions}}
Published	08/30/2023	Fibers of smooth muscle are knowns as {{c1::visceral muscle}}.
Published	08/30/2023	{{c1::Visceral muscle}} is enclosed by an external lamina and a network of type I and type III collagen fibers comprising the endomysium.&nb…
Published	08/30/2023	Satellite cells in muscle cells (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Satellite cells in neuronal cells (description)
Published	08/30/2023	Osteoblasts
Published	08/31/2023	Focal adhesions
Published	08/31/2023	On the basal epithelial surface, cells attach to the basal lamina by anchoring junctions called {{c1::hemidesmosomes }}
Published	09/05/2023
Status	Last Update	Fields