Notes in Liver

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Published	03/05/2025	The liver has two sources of blood supply: the {{c1::portal vein}} provides the majority of afferent blood flow draining from the {{c2::gast…
Published	03/05/2025	What are the functions of hepatocytes?
Published	03/05/2025	Describe the functions of the cells of the liver{{c1::cholangiocytes}}: {{c2::line the surface of bile ducts}}{{c1::stellate cells}}: {{c2::…
Published	03/05/2025	Which cells are first exposed to blood that enters the lobule, receiving the most oxygen? Which cells receive the least oxygen and are susceptible to …
Published	03/05/2025	Secretion of bile is an {{c1::active}} process that requires {{c1::ATP}}. Hepatic injury can result in {{c1::cholestasis}}.
Published	03/15/2025	{{c1::Blood flow}} across the hepatic lobule creates an {{c2::oxygen gradient}}. Additionally, {{c1::concentration of enzymes}} change acros…
Published	03/05/2025	The direction of blood flow and bile flow are {{c1::opposite}}. Blood flows from the {{c1::portal triad}} to the {{c1::central vein}} a…
Published	03/05/2025	What are the three main purposes of bile?
Published	03/05/2025	How is bilirubin produced?
Published	03/05/2025	Describe the bile acids test procedure and how the results can indicate liver function.
Published	03/05/2025	What are the three mechanisms that can result in hyperbilirubinemia?
Published	03/05/2025	What are the two main factors that influence bile flow?
Published	03/05/2025	In terms of enterohepatic recirculation, bile acids are {{c1::secreted from the gallbladder/liver}} > {{c1::reabsorbed from ileum}} > {{c1:…
Published	03/05/2025	{{c1::Insulin}} is secreted in response to {{c1::hyperglycemia}} and functions include:{{c2::enables glucose to enter hepatocytes, myocytes, adip…
Published	03/05/2025	{{c1::Glucagon}} is secreted in response to {{c1::hypoglycemia}} and functions include:{{c2::stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis}}{{c2:…
Published	03/05/2025	What are the liver's roles in carbohydrate metabolism?
Published	03/05/2025	The purpose of {{c1::glycogenesis}} in the liver and skeletal muscle is to {{c2::convert glucose into glycogen for storage}}. The purpose of…
Published	03/05/2025	{{c1::Gluconeogenesis}} is the generation of {{c2::glucose}} from {{c2::amino acids}} and {{c2::lipid}} when carbohydrate stores are de…
Published	03/05/2025	Liver's role in lipid transportationLipids are absorbed as {{c1::chylomicrons}} and are mainly transported as {{c1::lipoproteins}} which are…
Published	03/05/2025	Liver's role in lipid storage:The liver is a {{c1::major storage organ}} for lipids that are {{c1::mobilized}} during the following events: …
Published	03/05/2025	Liver's role in lipid metabolism:During beta oxidation of fatty acids, they are {{c1::degraded}} and {{c1::acetyl-CoA}} is produced in the {{c1::…
Published	03/05/2025	Liver's role in lipid metabolism:When in a {{c1::negative energy balance}}, mobilized fatty acids are deposited as {{c1::triglyercides}} in …
Published	03/05/2025	Where are the majority of cholesterol and phospholipids produced? What are their general functions?
Published	03/05/2025	Hydrolysis of lipids is stimulated by which two events?
Published	03/05/2025	In terms of metabolic pathways, the liver is the major site of {{c1::glucuronidation}}, {{c1::glutathione conjugation}}, and {{c1::acet…
Published	03/05/2025	{{c1::Ctyochrome p450}} enzymes, found in greatest concentrations in the {{c3::liver}}, perform {{c2::biotransformation reactions}} of …
Published	03/05/2025	What are the proteins mainly or exclusively produced in the liver discussed in class?
Published	03/05/2025	The liver is the only site where {{c1::ammonia}} is converted to {{c1::urea}}. Excessive amounts of {{c1::ammonia}} can accumulate in t…
Published	03/05/2025	The liver is the main organ responsible for {{c1::metabolism/biotransformation}} of {{c1::xenobiotics}}. Hepatocytes contain {{c1::meta…
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