Notes in Epilepsy

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	04/01/2024	Which type of generalized seizure presents with alternating stiffening and movemet? {{c1::Generalized Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal)}}
Published	04/01/2024	Onset of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy is usually in {{c1::early adolescence::age}}.
Published	04/01/2024	Benign rolandic seizures {{c1::hemifacial or secondarily generalized seizures, which are preceded by somatosensory aura in that area::symptoms}}.
Published	04/01/2024	{{c1::West}} syndrome (infantile spasms) is a generalized seizure disorder in infants characterized by recurrent spasms, an EEG with hypsarrhythmia (r…
Published	04/01/2024	3Hz spike waves on EEG in the setting of progressive neurological deterioration is indicative of {{c1::Creutfeldt-Jakob disease}}.
Published	04/01/2024	An EEG showing hypsarrhythmia (asynchronous, chaotic, bilateral, large amplitude) is indicative of: {{c1::infantile spasm (West Syndrome)}}.
Published	04/01/2024	Which epilepsy syndrome is associated with movements early in the morning after sleep deprivation or alcohol use? {{c1::Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy}}
Published	04/01/2024	Which feature of alcohol withdrawal manifests 48-96 hours after last drink? {{c1::Delirium tremens}}
Published	04/01/2024	What are the personality changes associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (Geschwind syndrome)?{{c1::Hypergraphia: characterized by an intense and uncon…
Published	04/01/2024	The advantage of CAR (common average referential) montage is {{c1::equal interelectrode distance b/n two hemispheres}} but disadvantage is {…
Published	04/01/2024	The advantage of ear reference montage is {{c1::long inter-electrode distances amplifying amplitudes}}. Disadvantage is {{c2::EKG contaminat…
Published	04/01/2024	Advantage of bipolar montage is: {{c1::analyzing low to medium amplitude waveforms that are highly localized}}
Published	04/01/2024	Disadvantage of bipolar montage is: {{c1::end of chain and cancellation}}
Published	04/01/2024	Cancellation on EEG refers to: {{c1::two inputs that are equipotential producing flat line}}
Published	04/01/2024	Advantages of transverse bipolar montage are: {{c1::easy to compare L and R hemispheres, easy to compare amplitude between anterior and posterior head…
Published	04/01/2024	Patient w/ cancer has very rapid and recurrent spasms of unilateral face, neck and UE. What kind of phenomenon is this and how does it occur?{{c1::Fac…
Published	04/01/2024	What is one of the biggest risk factors for SUDEP? {{c1::uncontrolled generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCs)}}
Published	04/01/2024	What is the most common cause of new seizures in the elderly? {{c1::Strokes}}
Published	04/01/2024	How does topimax cause kidney stones? {{c1::acts a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and may increase urinary pH and decrease urinary citrate excretio…
Published	04/01/2024	Child presents w/ muscle jerking upon awakening. What does this EEG likely show? {{c1::4-5 Hz polyspike and wave, Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JM…
Published	04/01/2024	Absence seizures (generalized epilepsy):{{c1::3 Hz continouous spike and wave complexes::EEG findings}}Genetics: GABRG2, GABRACan be triggered by {{c2…
Published	04/01/2024	Child w/ hx of autism presents w/ GTC seizures and language deficits -- aphasia and verbal agnosia. EEG shows electrical status epilepticus during sle…
Published	04/01/2024	Signs of clozapine induced myocarditis (3): {{c1::DyspneaEosinophiliaChest pain}}
Published	04/01/2024	What % patients will need more than one AED? {{c1::30-40%}}
Published	04/01/2024	If patient fails one AED, what are the odds the second one will control them? {{c1::only additional 10%}}
Published	04/01/2024	What condition is known as cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome, typically presents in teens/20s, no effect IQ or lifespan, AR, and Neu 1 mutation? {{c1…
Published	04/01/2024	Seizures in newborns at certain times and most common causes:24h {{c3::hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy}}24-72h {{c2::intracranial bleeds (subarachnoid…
Published	04/01/2024	Benign rolandic epilepsy (describe):EEG with horizontal dipole, central negativity, frontal positivity{{c1::adolescent::adolescent or adult}} disorder…
Published	04/01/2024	The fully developed triphasic waves in this tracing begin with an initial {{c1::brief negative}} wave (upward pen deflection), followed by a prominent…
Published	04/01/2024	The 14 and 6 phantom spikes occur bilaterally synchronous and {{c3::diffuse}} fashion. The bursts are brief and last 1 to 2 seconds. At times the 14 H…
Published	04/01/2024	What does this EEG show? {{c1::Lenox-Gestaut Syndrome}}
Published	04/01/2024	What condition is this EEG consistent with? {{c1::Lennox-Gastaut syndrome}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does this EEG show? {{c1::Hypsarrhythmia}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does this EEG show? {{c1::Posterior occipital sharp transients of sleep (POSTS)}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does this EEG show? {{c1::Triphasic waves}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does this image show? {{c1::Landau-Kleffner syndrome}}
Published	04/01/2024	What condition is this EEG consistent with? {{c1::Rasmussen disease}}
Published	04/01/2024	What condition is this EEG consistent with? {{c1::Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy}}
Published	04/01/2024	What rhythm does this EEG show? {{c1::Breach rhythm}}
Published	04/01/2024	Child presents with gelastic/laughing seizures -- focal seizures associated with uncontrolled laughing. What mass is often associated with these findi…
Published	04/01/2024	Peviously normally developing infant has febrile status epilepticus at around 6 months of age, and then recurrent generalized or shifting hemiclonic s…
Published	04/01/2024	What medications can trigger absence status? {{c1::Lamotrigine}}, {{c2::phenytoin}}, {{c3::carbamazepine}}
Published	04/01/2024	JME treatment in an obese teenage girl? {{c1::lamotrigine (not VPA)}}
Published	04/01/2024	Hallmark interictal finding in JME? {{c1::generalized polyspike and wave}}
Published	04/01/2024	CJD EEG findings? {{c1::periodic sharp wave complexes, periodic discharges that may be asymmetric depending on timing of EEG in disease}}
Published	04/01/2024	EEG finding in anti-NDMA receptor encephalitis? {{c1::extreme delta brushes, rhythmic delta, superimposed beta}}
Published	04/01/2024	Clinical factors that increase the risk of epilepsy after first presentation with unprovoked seizure? {{c1::nocturnal seizure::type of seizure}}, prio…
Published	04/01/2024	EEG pattern associated with poorest prognosis after cardiopulmonary arrest? {{c1::burst suppression}}
Published	04/01/2024	Most common mutation in Dravet syndrome? {{c1::SCN1A (Na channel)::mutation}}
Published	04/01/2024	Where to the waveforms recorded on EEG come from? {{c1::Synaptic potentials in pyramidal cortical neurons}}
Published	04/01/2024	When to think about referral for Epi surgery? {{c1::Frequent continued seizures despite adequate trials of two anticonvulsant}}
Published	04/01/2024	Lafora disease:{{c2::progressive myoclonic}} epilepsyMutations in {{c1::EPM2A, NHLRC1::2 mutations}}relentlessly progressive
Published	04/01/2024	Doose Syndrome:{{c1::Multiple}} seizure typesmyoclonic atonic is {{c1::most}} common
Published	04/01/2024	What are the features of fetal hydrantoin syndrome? "CHIME ON" C - {{c1::Cardiac defects}} H - {{c2::Hirsutism}} I - {{c3::(Epicanthal) folds}} M - …
Published	04/01/2024	Epileptic encephalopathy and low-CSF glucose: {{c1::Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency (GLUT1 deficiency)}}
Published	04/01/2024	{{c1::VPA::ASM}} significantly increases half-life of LTG
Published	04/01/2024	VPA significantly increases {{c1::CBZ::ASM}} levels to toxicity - nystagmus and dizziness
Published	04/01/2024	How do OCPs/HRT/Pregnancy interact with lamictal? {{c1::They all increase its clearance, can use progesterone only}}
Published	04/01/2024	1-5yo, normal developemnt, with myoclonic/drop seizures. EEG: rhythmic parietal delta. Tx: Valproate, Ethosuximide. What condition is this describing?…
Published	04/01/2024	Stimulus-Sensitive Myoclonic epilepsy with progressive ataxia, developmental delay, tremor: {{c1::Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome::Diagnosis}}
Published	04/01/2024	ASM causing closed-angle glaucoma: {{c1::Topiramate::ASM}}
Published	04/01/2024	Gustatory Hallucination: {{c1::Insula::area of seizure involvement}}
Published	04/01/2024	Olfactory Hallucinations: {{c1::Mesial Temporal::area of seizure involvement}}
Published	04/01/2024	Formed visual hallucination: {{c1::Temporal neocortex::area of seizure involvement}}
Published	04/01/2024	Dissociative "deja-vu" experience: {{c1::Temporal lobe::localization of seizure involvement}}
Published	04/01/2024	Unformed Visual Hallucination: {{c1::Occipital::localization of seizure involvement}}
Published	04/01/2024	Fencer Sign, Figure4 sign, ipsilateral head turn: {{c1::Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)::localization of seizure involvement}}
Published	04/01/2024	Myoclonic astatic epilepsy: {{c1::Doose Syndrome::other name for this condition}}
Published	04/01/2024	Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy: {{c1::Ohtahara Syndrome::other name for this condition}}
Published	04/01/2024	Gelastic Seizures: {{c1::Hypothalamic hamartoma::associated condition}}
Published	04/01/2024	EPM1 gene mutation, progressive myoclonic epilepsy: {{c1::Unverricht Lundborg Syndrome::Associated condition}}
Published	04/01/2024	Cystatin B, progressive myoclonic epilepsy: {{c1::Unverricht Lundborg Syndrome::associated condition}}
Published	04/01/2024	Autoantibodies to glutamate receptor-3 (GLUR3 antibody): {{c1::Rasmussen's Encephalitis::associated condition}}
Status	Last Update	Fields