Notes in Exam 1

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Published	01/09/2025	What are the 6 main classes of nutrients?
Published	01/09/2025	List 2 reasons that water is important for a ration/diet?
Published	01/09/2025	What are the 3 sources of water in the body?
Published	01/09/2025	What are the 2 main things that carbohydrates provide to the animal?
Published	01/15/2025	How does too many carbohydrates in the diet cause diarrhea of monogastric animals?
Published	01/09/2025	What is a limiting amino acid?
Published	01/09/2025	What is the difference between an essential and non-essential amino acid?
Published	01/09/2025	During what life stages is protein especially important for?
Published	01/09/2025	What is a non-protein nitrogen?
Published	01/09/2025	What are the two main things that are taken into consideration when determining the biological value of a protein source?
Published	01/09/2025	Why are lipids important?
Published	01/09/2025	How much more energy does stored fat yield than stored carbohydrate?
Published	01/09/2025	What is a triglyceride? What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid?
Published	01/09/2025	What is needed to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins?
Published	01/09/2025	What is ketosis? How does a ketotic state differ between different species?
Published	01/09/2025	What are minerals?
Published	01/09/2025	What is the difference between a macro and a micro mineral?
Published	01/09/2025	What are the 4 trace minerals that are commonly deficient in the intermountain west?
Published	01/09/2025	What is the difference between a chelated an non-chelated mineral? How does absorption differ?
Published	01/09/2025	What is the best way to measure mineral status in an animal?
Published	01/09/2025	How do mineral interactions affect absorption? How does declining mineral status impact production of animals?
Published	01/09/2025	How does age impact mineral absorption?
Published	01/09/2025	What are the water soluble and fat soluble vitamins?
Published	01/15/2025	What nutrient is required in the highest amount in an animal’s diet?
Published	01/19/2025	What compounds does energy come from in the diet? How does this differ between species?
Published	01/15/2025	How does digestibility affect energy required to metabolize it?
Published	01/09/2025	List 3 places that energy is lost during metabolism
Published	01/15/2025	List 4 factors that affect energy requirements of an animal.
Published	01/09/2025	What happens to the body during a state of energy deficiency? How does this impact production animals?
Published	01/09/2025	Describe what is meant by the term maintenance energy?
Published	01/09/2025	Be able to draw and describe a growth curve
Published	01/09/2025	What is compensatory growth?
Published	01/15/2025	Do all tissues in the body grow at the same rate?
Published	01/15/2025	Describing energy requirements as they relate to a typical lactation curve of a dairy animal.
Published	01/09/2025	Which trimester of pregnancy requires the most energy?
Published	01/09/2025	What is the most common method to analyze feed samples?
Published	01/09/2025	Why is it important what we look at feeds of a DM basis?
Published	01/09/2025	How is CP determined? What is the main problem with this method?
Published	01/09/2025	What is NDF? ADF? eNDF?
Published	01/09/2025	Explain the importance of fiber in the diets of cattle, dogs/cats and horses.
Published	01/09/2025	What is NFE
Published	01/09/2025	Be able to do dry matter calculations, such as those in the examples at the end of this lecture.
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Published	01/15/2025	Relatively speaking, how often are feed analyses conducted for production cattle? Horses? Cats/dogs?
Published	01/15/2025	Why is it important to have your feed analyzed?
Published	01/15/2025	Be able to describe and know the different things that you can have analyzed in your feed.
Published	01/15/2025	Be able to look at a feed analysis output and tell me what the different values represent
Published	01/15/2025	What organization determines the feeding standards for livestock?
Published	01/15/2025	What are 3 different factors associated with feeding standards?
Published	01/15/2025	What nutrient requirement tables do we use in the US for livestock species?
Published	01/15/2025	What do nutrient requirement tables tell us?
Published	01/15/2025	Be able to look at a sample ration analysis and determine whether an animal is meeting their nutrient requirements from looking at a nutrient requirem…
Published	01/24/2025	What are the three main VFAs produced by cattle?
Published	01/24/2025	What are each of the VFAs generally used for?
Published	01/24/2025	How does diet affect VFA proportions?
Published	01/24/2025	What are the roles of protozoa and fungi in the rumen environment?
Published	01/24/2025	What is the difference between amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria? Do they both function at the same optimal pH? What is the doubling time of each?
Published	01/24/2025	What is the difference between starch and cellulose?
Published	01/24/2025	How do ruminants metabolize carbohydrates?
Published	01/27/2025	How are lipids altered in the rumen environment?
Published	01/24/2025	How much fat can we feed to cattle? What happens when we feed too much fat to a ruminant?
Published	01/24/2025	What is the difference between RDP and RUP?
Published	01/24/2025	What is microbial protein?
Published	01/24/2025	Be able to explain protein recycling in ruminants.
Published	01/24/2025	How can ruminants utilize a non-protein nitrogen source?
Published	01/24/2025	What happens in ammonia toxicity?
Published	01/24/2025	Know the different segments of the beef industry and how nutrition requirements change for each segment
Published	02/11/2025	Know the BCS scale for beef cattle and what the appropriate BCS is for cattle at different stages of production
Published	01/24/2025	Know the four different period to consider in beef cow nutrition .
Published	01/24/2025	When is a beef cow’s nutrient requirements the highest?
Published	01/24/2025	How much weight should a cow be gaining per day in the third trimester of pregnancy?
Published	01/24/2025	How do nutrient requirements change as the size of the cow increases?
Published	01/24/2025	How much protein in a cow comes from microbial protein synthesis?
Published	01/24/2025	How much CP is required to maintain a healthy rumen microbial population?
Published	01/24/2025	When are mineral requirements greatest in a beef cow?
Published	01/24/2025	Understand the reality of nutrition for cow/calf producers.
Published	01/24/2025	Why do heifers have increase nutrient requirements compared to cows?
Published	01/24/2025	Why is it bad for heifers to grow too slowly? Too fast?
Published	01/24/2025	Why should we manage heifers separate from cows?
Published	01/24/2025	Why does an animal growth curve plateau?
Published	01/24/2025	How does a growth curve change between animals that have different frame sizes?
Published	01/24/2025	Is it energetically more expensive to deposit fat or protein? Is it energetically more expensive to maintain protein or fat?
Published	01/24/2025	What is backgrounding for cattle? Why is this done?
Published	01/24/2025	Why do we see lower intakes in receiving calves?
Published	01/24/2025	What are ionophores?
Published	01/24/2025	How do you step-up a ration?
Published	01/24/2025	Why is it important to include forage in the ration of a feedlot animal?
Published	01/24/2025	Are all concentrates fermented at the same rate?
Published	01/24/2025	What are the typical protein requirements of feedlot beef?
Published	02/11/2025	How does vitamin A affect marbling of beef cattle?
Published	02/05/2025	What are implants? What are beta-agonists?
Published	02/05/2025	Be able to describe the physiology, prevention, symptoms, and treatments of each of the different conditions discussed in lecture.
Published	02/11/2025	How has milk production changed over time?
Published	02/11/2025	How do nutrient requirements of dairy cattle vary during the production cycle?
Published	02/11/2025	Understand the lactation and gestation cycle of dairy cattleKnow the five different phases of nutrition for dairy cattleUnderstand how the five phases…
Published	02/11/2025	What is the dry period for dairy cattle?
Published	02/11/2025	What is the optimum dry period for dairy cattle? Why?
Published	02/11/2025	How do you dry a cow off?
Published	02/11/2025	What is the purpose of the dry period?
Published	02/11/2025	Is it more efficient to put weight on a cow in late lactation or the dry period? Why?
Published	02/11/2025	What BCS do you want in dairy cattle at calving?
Published	02/11/2025	Where does most of the weight gain in the dry period come from in a dairy cow?
Published	02/11/2025	Why should you feed heifers separately from cows?
Published	02/11/2025	How do the requirements of heifers differ from cows?
Published	02/11/2025	Describe the general nutrition of dairy cows during the dry period?
Published	02/11/2025	What is the transition period?
Published	02/11/2025	Why do you want to transition your cows during the transition period?
Published	02/11/2025	How does DMI change during the transition period?
Published	02/11/2025	When do you increase concentrates prior to calving?
Published	02/11/2025	How do grains affect cows during the transition period?
Published	02/11/2025	What is a DCAD diet? How is this done? What is it used for?
Published	02/11/2025	Explain the pathophysiology of milk fever.
Published	02/11/2025	What is the traditional mechanism to decrease milk fever?
Published	02/11/2025	Be able to describe ketosis in dairy cattle.
Published	02/11/2025	What is happening physiologically to dairy cattle during peak milk production?
Published	02/11/2025	How much forage do you want to feed during peak milk production?
Published	02/11/2025	How much protein do you want in peak milk production? Why?
Published	02/11/2025	How do you feed dairy cattle during peak milk?
Published	02/11/2025	How much grain can you give to dairy cattle during peak milk?
Published	02/11/2025	When do you want to achieve max DMI in dairy cattle?
Published	02/11/2025	How much forage should be fed during maximum dry matter intake period?
Published	02/11/2025	Is RUP more or less effective in maximum dry matter intake when compared to peak lactation?
Published	02/11/2025	Describe the management of nutrition during late lactation.
Published	02/11/2025	How much NPN can be fed during late lactation?
Published	02/11/2025	When is the easiest time to add condition back on after peak lactation?
Published	02/11/2025	What is the main limiting factor for dairy rations in this area?
Published	02/11/2025	How do we increase energy density in a ration?
Published	02/11/2025	How much fat do we want in the diet of a dairy cow?
Published	02/11/2025	What affects does feeding fat have on milk fat and milk protein?
Published	02/11/2025	What are some sources of supplemental fat?
Published	02/11/2025	What is the acceptable level of eNDF in a dairy ration?
Published	02/11/2025	What should %ADF be in a dairy ration?
Published	02/11/2025	What happens if ADF is too low?
Published	02/11/2025	How do protein requirements change during lactation?
Published	02/11/2025	What is MUN?
Published	02/21/2025	Do you always want to feed RUP to dairy cattle? Why or why not?
Published	02/11/2025	Explain how limiting amino acids work relative to the diet.
Published	02/11/2025	Why is vitamin D important to supplement to dairy cattle?
Published	02/11/2025	Why is vitamin E supplementation important in dairy cattle?
Published	02/21/2025	Do we typically supplement B vitamins in dairy cattle? Why or why not?
Published	02/11/2025	Do most dairy rations require supplemental Ca, P and salt?
Published	02/11/2025	What microminerals do we need to supplement in this area?
Published	02/11/2025	Why is K important to consider in a dairy ration?
Published	02/11/2025	What are some of the challenges of grazing dairy cattle?
Published	02/11/2025	How can you increase DMI during early lactation?
Published	02/11/2025	Describe Ketosis:
Published	02/11/2025	Describe Hypocalcemia (milk fever):
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