Notes in Handout 3

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Published	10/22/2023	Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation  General Aspects of Citric Acid CycleAka Kreb cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid cyc…
Published	10/22/2023	Forming Acetyl CoA From Pyruvate Inside Matrix Pyruvate (3C) + CoA-SH + NAD+ → Acetyl-CoA (2C) + NADH + CO2 by {{c1::Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Mult…
Published	10/22/2023	Citric Acid Cycle Overview Processing of 2C of Acetyl-CoA to {{c2::CO2}} to generate {{c2::NADH}} and {{c2::FADH2}} {{c3::Oxidizin…
Published	10/22/2023	Reaction 1: Citrate Synthase (Oxaloacetate 4C + Acetyl CoA 2C → Citrate 6C)  {{c1::Syntase}} make something {{c2::w/o ATP}}, {{c1::Syntheta…
Published	10/22/2023	Reaction 2: Aconitase (Isomerization of Citrate 6C → Isocitrate 6C)Mechnaism: {{c1::General acid and base (moves OH group)}} Aconitate tran…
Published	10/22/2023	Reaction 3: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (Irreversible){{c1::Isocitrate 6C + NAD+}} → {{c1::NADH + H+ + CO2 + alpha-Ketoglutarate 5C}}Hydride ion tr…
Published	10/22/2023	Reaction 4: Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (Irreversible){{c1::Alpha Ketoglutarate (5C) + CoA-SH + NAD+}} → {{c1::Succinyl CoA (4C) + CO2 + NADH +…
Published	10/22/2023	Reaction 5: Succinyl-CoA-Synthetase {{c1::Succinyl CoA + GDP}} → {{c1::Succinate + GTP + CoA-SH }}{{c2::Substrate level phosphory…
Published	10/22/2023	Reaction 6: Succinate Dehydrogenase{{c1::Succinate + FAD}} → {{c1::Fumarate + FADH2}} Similar to {{c2::Flavoprotein Dehydrogenase }}{{…
Published	10/22/2023	Reaction 7: Fumarase {{c1::Fumarate + Water → L-Malate}}
Published	10/22/2023	Reaction 8: Malate Dehydrogenase {{c1::L-Malate + NAD+}} → {{c1::Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+}} Just like {{c2::Malate-Aspartate shuttle}}&nbsp…
Published	10/22/2023	ATP Production NADH in cytosol must shuttle electrons → NADH matrix to produce {{c1::2.5 ATP per NADH }}{{c1::1.5 ATP per}} FADH2
Published	10/22/2023	Regulation Reactions of Citric Acid CycleMalate dehydrogenase standard {{c1::+G}}, but physiologically {{c1::G=0}}??? Physiologically, oxaloacet…
Published	10/22/2023	Regulation by Citrate Synthase Product inhibition by {{c1::citrate}} Feedback competitive inhibition by {{c1::succinyl-CoA (binds where acet…
Published	10/22/2023	Electron Transport and Oxidative PhosphorylationTransfer of electrons from {{c1::NADH + FADH2}} to {{c1::oxygen}} Mitochondria process that …
Published	10/22/2023	Electron Transport ChainCytochrome C has Heme containing {{c1::organic molecules (cofactor)}} and {{c1::iron}}Coenzyme Q has isoprene that …
Published	10/22/2023	Coupling of Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis Electron transport produces {{c1::proton gradient (high concentration H+ intermembrane space, lo…
Published	10/22/2023	Regulation of Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis Generation of ATP by ATP Synthase sensitive to {{c1::ATP concentration in matrix}} High …
Published	10/22/2023	Mitochondrial Dysfunction{{c1::1-2%}} oxygen not fully reduced   Oxygen receives one electron → {{c2::superoxide}} receives one e…
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