Notes in A. Cancers

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/30/2023	environmental risk factors for BCC
Published	08/30/2023	Chemical risk factors for BCC
Published	08/30/2023	BCC arise from where
Published	08/30/2023	Majority of mutations are UV_ induced causing?
Published	08/30/2023	Nearly all BCC show constitutive activation of ?pathway
Published	08/30/2023	Under normal conditions what does PTCH and Smoothened do?
Published	08/30/2023	most common cause (2/3rd of BCC)
Published	08/30/2023	less common cause of BCC (mutation)
Published	08/30/2023	2nd most common mutation in BC
Published	08/30/2023	Name another pathogenic mechanism for BCC other than PTCH1, SMO, p53
Published	08/30/2023	Name some high risk features of BCC
Published	08/30/2023	Name some BCC genetic syndromes
Published	08/30/2023	genetics for BCNS
Published	08/30/2023	what is BCC type for BCNS
Published	08/30/2023	Dx of BCNS requires what criteria and the development of what other findings
Published	08/30/2023	Bazex-Dupre-Christol genetics, findings
Published	08/30/2023	Rombo genetics, findings
Published	08/30/2023	XP genetics, findings
Published	08/30/2023	Oculocutaneous albinism genetics, findings
Published	08/30/2023	Muire-Torre genetics, findings
Published	08/30/2023	Epidermodysplasic verruciformis genetics, findings
Published	08/30/2023	Brooke-Spiegler genetics and findings
Published	08/30/2023	What are the criteria for BCNS?
Published	08/30/2023	BCC dermoscopy findings
Published	08/30/2023	Staging for BCC?
Published	08/30/2023	excision margins for BCC
Published	08/30/2023	ED&C cure rates
Published	08/30/2023	Cryo mechanism of action
Published	08/30/2023	rapid or slow freezing more effective and why?
Published	08/30/2023	what temp needs to be reached for malignant destruction
Published	08/30/2023	what temp needs to be reached for benign destruction?
Published	08/30/2023	what temp are melanocytes and keratinocytes injured? What is boiling point of LN2?
Published	08/30/2023	Imiquimod mechanism of action, cure rates, side effects
Published	08/30/2023	5-FU MOA
Published	08/30/2023	PDT, FDA approved for? What accumulates intracellularly? What UV wavelength does it maximally absorb?
Published	08/30/2023	Radiotherapy dose, timing, total dose, cure rate, side effects
Published	08/30/2023	What are the 4 BWH Staging Risk Factors for SCC?
Published	08/30/2023	Brachytherapy is?
Published	08/30/2023	what % do BCCs metastasize?
Published	08/30/2023	How does vismodegib work? what is response rate metastatic vs locally advanced?
Published	08/30/2023	vismodegib treated BCCs that become resistant harbor which mutation?
Published	08/30/2023	what % do patients on vismo discontinue due to AEs?
Published	08/30/2023	How does Sonidegib work? What is it FDA approved for, what are some side effects?
Published	08/30/2023	which SMO inhibitor is used for both metastatic and locally advanced BCC?
Published	08/30/2023	What type of chemotherapy for metastatic BCC if SMO inhibitors notfeasible
Published	08/30/2023	Patients w h/o BCC have 3 year cumulative risk of ___ of developing anotther BCC?
Published	08/30/2023	hx of BCC how often skin checks?
Published	08/30/2023	Nicotinamide dosing, stats on decreasing AK and NMSC? Mechanism of action?
Published	08/30/2023	Epidemiology of SCC, how many cases in US, locoregional or metastic disease in what percent? How many deaths/yr?
Published	08/30/2023	Risk factors for SCC
Published	08/30/2023	Which is more toxic aresenate or arsenite?
Published	08/30/2023	how does HPV cause SCC?
Published	08/30/2023	which hpv is associated with periungual warts and anogential SCC
Published	08/30/2023	Organ transplant pt have what fold increase in developing SCC?
Published	08/30/2023	Immunosuppressive agents: ___ can lead to less skin cancers than ___ in organ transplant pts in regards to SCC?CLOZE
Published	08/30/2023	What drugs are risk factors for SCC? What skin conditions are associated w increase risk of SCC?
Published	08/30/2023	SCC in areas of chronic scarring and inflamation metastasize in what percent?
Published	08/30/2023	SCC pathogenesis
Published	08/30/2023	Dermoscopy of SCC
Published	08/30/2023	XP genetics and findings for SCC
Published	08/30/2023	Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa genetics and findings
Published	08/30/2023	Rothmund-Thomson (Poikiloderma congenitale) genetics and findings
Published	08/30/2023	KA syndromes
Published	08/30/2023	Ferguson-Smith genetics and findings
Published	08/30/2023	Gryzbowski genetics and findings
Published	08/30/2023	Witten and Zak findings
Published	08/30/2023	Epidermodysplasia verruciformis genetics and findings
Published	08/30/2023	Name some other genodermatosis related to SCC
Published	08/30/2023	High risk features of SCC
Published	08/30/2023	Excision margins for SCC
Published	08/30/2023	Radiotherapy similar to BCC
Published	08/30/2023	Name PD1 inhibitors
Published	08/30/2023	Cemiplimab what is it and MOA
Published	08/30/2023	Pembrolizumab what is it and MOA
Published	08/30/2023	Cetuximab MOA, used for and side effects
Published	08/30/2023	which chemo used for both locally advanced and metastatic scc?
Published	08/30/2023	Follow up for SCC
Published	08/30/2023	What oral meds can be used to prevent SCC
Published	08/30/2023	What is Bowenoid papulosis and where it is found?
Published	08/30/2023	What is Verrucous carcinoma and subtypes? Associated with which HPV?
Published	08/30/2023	Radiation of which type of skin cancer can lead to anaplastic transformation>
Published	08/30/2023	Oral SCC associated with and random facts
Published	08/30/2023	AK, what type of diet can help with AKs?
Published	08/30/2023	What is AK incidence of progressing to SCC in 1 yr?
Published	08/30/2023	Treatment of AKs
Published	08/30/2023	5FU MOA
Published	08/30/2023	Toxicity from 5FU in patients with?
Published	08/30/2023	Imiquimod MOA
Published	08/30/2023	Ingenol MOA
Published	08/30/2023	Diclofenac MOA
Published	08/30/2023	What percent of SCCIS progress to SCC?
Published	08/30/2023	Dermoscopy of AKs
Published	08/30/2023	Melanoma epidemiology - what's happening with incidence / mortality et?
Published	08/30/2023	Melanoma risk factors
Published	08/30/2023	Melanoma Genetic CDKN2A is responsible for what % of melanomas, what % of familial melanomas, what does it encode for and what odes it do? What other …
Published	08/30/2023	Which genetic mutation is associated with aggressive ocular melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Genetic testing: low melanoma incidence
Published	08/30/2023	Genetic testing: high melanoma incidence
Published	08/30/2023	Transplant patients have __ fold higher risk for melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	What is pathogenesis for melanoma formation? Which mutations make up majority of melanomas?
Published	08/30/2023	which genetic alterations result in progression into a malignant tumor in melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Which genetic pathway causes changes in the transcription factors and gene expression within the nucleus in melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Melanomas on intermittently sun exposed skin most likely to have which mutation?
Published	08/30/2023	Melanomas on chronically sun exposed skin less likely to have and more likely to have which mutation?
Published	08/30/2023	Mucosal & acral lentiginous melanomas associated with which gene?
Published	08/30/2023	Uveal melanomas and blue nevi associated with which gene?
Published	08/30/2023	Which gene in melanoma pathway causes malignant cellular blue nevi?
Published	08/30/2023	Which gene in melanoma pathway causes mesothelioma?
Published	08/30/2023	What are some pathology findings for melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Immunohistochemistry, melanoma, which stain recognizes melanosome specific glycoprotein PMEL17/gp100?
Published	08/30/2023	Desmplastic MM stains with___
Published	08/30/2023	S100 describe sensitivity and specificity
Published	08/30/2023	Which stains the nucleus in melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Which stains the cytoplasm in melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Which stains melanoma as well as some neural origin cells?
Published	08/30/2023	Which stain is negative in spindle cell melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Treatment for Stage 1 & 2 melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Stage 3 melanoma role of SLN dissection
Published	08/30/2023	Mutations in BRAF and NRAS lead to activation of what pathway?
Published	08/30/2023	45% of melanomas have activating mutations in ?
Published	08/30/2023	Which medicatiosn target the BRAF kinase in melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Parodoxical activation of MAPK pathway in keratinocytes with wild type BRAF and RAS mutations can lead to?
Published	08/30/2023	Targeted melanoma therapy (target mutant BRAF kinase) is now combined with?
Published	08/30/2023	What % of melanomas have activating mutations in NRAS? Are BRAF inhibitors effective? What can be used and what is the response rate?
Published	08/30/2023	Immunotherapy: what is the normal function of CTLA-4?
Published	08/30/2023	CTLA-4 is a homolog of?
Published	08/30/2023	Types of immunotherapy for melanoma
Published	08/30/2023	WHich has higher affinity for CTLA-4? Monoclonal antibodies to CTLA-4 or B7?
Published	08/30/2023	What are the 2 fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Side effects from CTLA-4 blockade are....
Published	08/30/2023	MOA of PD1 and PDL1?
Published	08/30/2023	Blockade of either PD-1 or PD-L1 does what?
Published	08/30/2023	What is 1st line therapy therapy for metastatic melanoma?
Published	08/30/2023	As sole therapy which is more effective [for metastatic melanoma]? Immunotherapy or Blockade of PD1, PDL1?
Published	08/30/2023	What is downside to combining ipilimumab and anti PD1 antibody?
Published	08/30/2023	epidemiology of DFSP, how many cases/million?
Published	08/30/2023	Pathogenesis for DFSP?
Published	08/30/2023	Clinical presentation of DFSP, where does it present more commonly? Where does it metastasize to?
Published	08/30/2023	DFSP dermpathology, describe
Published	08/30/2023	Immunohistochemistry DFSP positive for
Published	08/30/2023	Immunohistochemistry DFSP negative for
Published	08/30/2023	Which immunohistochemistry stain can be lost in DFSP-FS?
Published	08/30/2023	Treatment of choice for DFSP
Published	08/30/2023	Treatment for locally advanced or unresectable cases DFSP?
Published	08/30/2023	When do majority of DFSP recurrences occur?
Published	08/30/2023	Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) epidemiology? What is 5 yr mortality?
Published	08/30/2023	Clinical presentation of MCC? & risk factors
Published	08/30/2023	Dermpath, what kind of cells are Merkel cells?
Published	08/30/2023	Dermpath MCC, describe, what staining can be positive?
Published	08/30/2023	Dermpath characteristic staining MCC?
Published	08/30/2023	Dermpath, what is MCC negatively stain for that helps rule out mets from other small cell carcinomas?
Published	08/30/2023	What is Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)?
Published	08/30/2023	MCPyV is present in what percent of tumors? Tumors negative for it tend to be more or less aggressive?
Published	08/30/2023	What Ab in regards to MCPyV correlate with tumor burdern?
Published	08/30/2023	Which Ab are stable throughout MCC course?
Published	08/30/2023	Do you have a higher or lower risk of recurrence if oncoprotein antibody negative in MCC?
Published	08/30/2023	MCC AJCC Cancer staging, describe Stages
Published	08/30/2023	MCC treatment and what are survival rates & incidence (based on National Center database) for local vs LN involvement vs metastatic disease?
Published	08/30/2023	MCC what combination of clinical and pathological portends worse prognosis? (NOT CKMARKERS!)
Published	08/30/2023	What antibody was approved for treatment of MCC?
Published	08/30/2023	Describe pathophysiology of AFX and risk factors
Published	08/30/2023	Dermpath describe AFX
Published	08/30/2023	Dermpath describe AFX IHC... negative for?positive for?
Published	08/30/2023	Descibe PDS in relation to AFX
Published	08/30/2023	Extramammary Pagets (EMPD) clinical presentation
Published	08/30/2023	EMPD describe dermpathology
Published	08/30/2023	Describe 2 types of EMPD. Which associated underlying carcinoma is CK7 negative? Cutaneous type is positive for? and negative for which IHC stain?
Published	08/30/2023	EMPD what & associated with malignancy and what should work up be?
Published	08/30/2023	EMPD treatment options
Published	08/30/2023	Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma clinical presentation
Published	08/30/2023	Dermpath describe MAC
Published	08/30/2023	Treatment and fu for MAC
Published	08/30/2023	Clinical presentation of sebaceous carcinoma
Published	08/30/2023	Which specific glands do periocular sebaceous carcinomas arise from?
Published	08/30/2023	Describe dermpath for Sebaceous carcinoma
Published	08/30/2023	Treatment and fu for Sebaceous Carcinoma
Published	08/30/2023	Muir-Torre Syndrome describe genetics, presentation, what types of cancers is it associate with?
Published	08/30/2023	What is MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP)?
Published	08/30/2023	Angiosarcoma presentation, who does it affect, what are some associations and risk factors?
Published	08/30/2023	Describe dermpath for angiosarcoma and IHC staining
Published	08/30/2023	Prognosis and treatment of angiosarcoma?
Published	08/30/2023	Kaposi Sarcoma cause and types?
Published	08/30/2023	KS dermpathology: patch, plaque, nodular describe
Published	08/30/2023	KS Dermpath IHC what is it positive for?
Published	08/30/2023	KS treatment options
Published	08/30/2023	Describe the Sonic Hedgehog pathway under normal conditions
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Status	Last Update	Fields