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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/17/2024	Secondary causes of gout
Published	09/17/2024	Presentation of Disseminated gonococcal infection
Published	09/17/2024	Acquired hypercoagulable states
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for polyuria
Published	09/17/2024	Presentation of opioid toxicity
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for hypoglycemia
Published	09/17/2024	Order in which hormones are lost in pituitary lesion
Published	09/17/2024	Spectrum of scleroderma disorders
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for Cushing syndrome
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for hyperaldosteronism
Published	09/17/2024	Presentation of Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome (PGA)
Published	09/17/2024	Types of Amiodarone Thyroid Disease
Published	09/17/2024	Presentation of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
Published	09/17/2024	Hormone levels in causes of secondary amenorrhea FSH, E2, Testosterone, Others
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Dermatomyositis{{c1::Non-pharmacologicalPatient educationSun protectionPT/OT/STPharmacologicalSteroid + DMARD (MTX, AZA, MMF)If refracto…
Published	09/17/2024	Causes of Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon{{c1::Connective tissue diseasesSystemic SclerosisSLE, Sjogren'sDematomyositis/PolymyositisRAHaem/On…
Published	09/17/2024	HypocalcemiaInvestigations{{c1::ECG (prolonged QTc)Ca / Mg / PO4PTH, Vit D levelsRP, LFT}}Management{{c1::Replace PO (mild) or IV (severe) calciumRepl…
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for Retinitis Pigmentosa{{c1::Formal visual field testingColour Testing (Ishihara)Electroretinogram (ERG)*KIV Genetic testing}}
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Retinitis Pigmentosa{{c1::Patient education: genetic counselling, job modifications, drivingNutritional supplementation: Vitamin A, Omeg…
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for Dermatomyositis{{c1::MuscleMuscle enzymes: CK, aldolaseEMGMuscle biopsySkin± Skin biopsyAutoantibodiesANAMyositis panel (*Anti…
Published	09/17/2024	Complications of Acromegaly{{c1::CardiovascularHTN, HLD, DMCardiomyopathy, CCFOSANeurologicalBitemporal hemianopiaCompressive neuropathyProximal myopa…
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Raynaud's Phenomenon{{c1::Avoid cold exposures, hand warmersAvoid vasoconstricting drugsSmoking cessationMedications: CCBs (Amlodip…
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Hyperprolactinemia{{c1::Asymptomatic microadenomaMonitoring, follow up with MRISymptomatic OR Macroadenoma (>10mm)1st line: Dopa…
Published	09/17/2024	Clinical Features of Hyperprolactinemia{{c1::GalactorrhoeaHypogonadism(F): secondary amenorrhoea, infertility, decreased libido(M): decreased lib…
Published	09/17/2024	Clinical Features of Hypocalcemia{{c1::Tetany: Neuromuscular irritabilityPerioral paraesthesiaTingling of fingers/toesMuscle weakness, crampsBron…
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for Acromegaly{{c1::Screening: Serum IGF-1 levelGold standard: OGTT with serial GH measurements*MRI pituitaryPituitary h…
Published	10/01/2024	Management of Acromegaly{{c1::Surgical (1st line)Trans-sphenoidal surgical resection of pituitary adenomaPharmacological (if not surgic…
Published	10/01/2024	Clinical features of Retinitis Pigmentosa History{{c1::Progressive decreased visual acuityNight blindnessLoss of peripheral visionReduced visual …
Published	09/17/2024	Albright's Hereditary OsteodystrophyFeatures{{c1::Short statureRounded faciesBrachydactylyMild intellectual disabilityPseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A…
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for Raynaud's Phenomenon{{c1::FBC RP LFTANA, anti-dsDNA, C3/C4, anti-ENA, RF, ESRTFTCVRF screen+/- Cryoglobulin levelsCXR: cervica…
Published	09/17/2024	Causes of SOB in Ankylosing Spondylitis{{c1::Interstitial lung disease (apical fibrosis)Restrictive lung disease from kyphosis Anaemia from BGIT …
Published	09/17/2024	Extra-articular complications of Ankylosing Spondylitis{{c1::Anterior uveitisApical lung fibrosis (ILD)Aortic regurgitationAV conduction defectsAmyloi…
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for Ankylosing Spondylitis{{c1::ImagingX-ray (KIV MRI) of Lumbar Spine and Sacroiliac Joints*CXR - costovertebral joint fusionLabs…
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Ankylosing Spondylitis{{c1::Multidisciplinary team (RHI, KIV RES, PT/OT)ConservativePatient education/counsellingPhysio, exercise p…
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism{{c1::SurgicalParathyroidectomy if indicatedMedicalIf meet surgical criteria but poor surgical candidate- Sym…
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for Systemic Sclerosis (SSc){{c1::BloodsFBC, RP, LFTAntibodiesANALcSSc: Anti-Centromere (ACA)DcSSc: Anti-Topoisomerase 1 (anti-Scl…
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc){{c1::Patient education and counsellingMultidisciplinary teamPT/OT/ST, pulmonary rehabPrinciples of managem…
Published	09/17/2024	Scleroderma Renal CrisisClinical features{{c1::Sudden onset severe HTNHTN retinopathyHTN encephalopathy (headache, seizures)AKI (with bland urinary se…
Published	09/17/2024	Complications of CrohnsGI complications{{c1::Perianal fissures/fistulaeStricturingFistulation}}Ileal disease{{c1::Ileal malabsorption: Vit B12, DBile …
Published	09/17/2024	Criteria for neurofibromatosis 1
Published	09/17/2024	Extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis C
Published	09/09/2024	Management of Myasthenia Gravis{{c1::Assess ABCsTest NIF and FVC, ABG (T2RF)Consider early intubation if impending crisisPatient education - dise…
Published	09/09/2024	Management of Multiple Sclerosis{{c1::Patient education and counsellingMultidisciplinary teamPT/OTAcute exacerbationsIV pulsed methylprednisolone…
Published	09/09/2024	Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension{{c1::Group 1: Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionGroup 2: Left heart diseaseGroup 3: Chronic hypoxic lung di…
Published	09/09/2024	Investigations for Infective Endocarditis{{c1::POCTECG (conduction abnormalities)Fundoscopy (Roth spots)LabsFBC, RP, LFTESR, CRP, RhFBlood c…
Published	09/09/2024	Bartter vs Gitelman syndromePathophysiology{{c1::(B) Defective Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in ascending loop of Henle(G) Defective thiazide-sensitive Na/Cl…
Published	09/09/2024	Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)Pathophysiology{{c1::(1) Distal: DCT unable to secrete H+ and reabsorb K(2) Proximal: PCT unable to reabsorb HCO3-(4) Aldo…
Published	09/09/2024	Types of of Vasculitis{{c1::Large vesselGiant Cell ArteritisTakayasu's ArteritisMedium vesselPolyarteritis NodosaKawasaki's diseaseSmall vesselAN…
Published	09/09/2024	Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)Clinical Features{{c1::HeadacheScalp/temporal tendernessJaw claudicationBlurring/loss of vision (optic neuritis, amaurosis f…
Published	09/09/2024	Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)Investigations{{c1::FBC, CRP, ESRTemporal artery biopsy*+/- US doppler temporal artery}}Management{{c1::Admit!Urgent ophthal…
Published	09/11/2024	Fundoscopy findings of retinitis pigmentosa
Published	09/17/2024	Causes of livedo reticularis {{c1::Infections HCV - CryoglobulinemiaInflammatorySLE, APS, VasculitisNeoplasticHyperviscosity syndrome (PRV, …
Published	09/17/2024	Causes of vitamin K deficiency{{c1::Warfarin useMalabsorption: antibiotic use suppressing bacteria, cholestatic jaundiceInadquate stores: severe haemo…
Published	09/17/2024	Indications for surgical management of infective endocarditis{{c1::Resistant organisms: S. aureus, Fungal, multi drug resistantUncontrolled local infe…
Published	09/17/2024	Causes of vesiculo-bullous diseases
Published	09/17/2024	Causes of hyperpigmented skin
Published	09/17/2024	Causes of acute heart failure
Published	09/17/2024	Presentation of Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Published	09/17/2024	Diagnostic criteria for Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Published	09/17/2024	Manifestations of SarcoidosisPulmonary, Cutaneous, Ocular, Renal/endo, Neuro, Cardiac
Published	09/17/2024	Classic manifestations of Sarcoidosis
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for Sarcoidosis
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Sarcoidosis
Published	09/17/2024	Presentation and investigations of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Published	09/17/2024	Presentation of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO)
Published	09/17/2024	Antibodies in autoimmune liver conditions
Published	09/17/2024	Antibodies in systemic autoimmune diseasesSLE, Drug induced lupus, APS, Sjogrens, Myositis, SSc, RA, PsA, Vasculitis
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for peripheral neuropathy
Published	09/17/2024	Fundoscopic features of CRAO/BRAO and CRVO/BRVO
Published	09/17/2024	Aggravating factors for psoriasis
Published	09/17/2024	Autoantibodies for Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome (APS){{c1::Anti-Cardiolipin antibodyAnti-B2 glycoprotein I antibodyLupus anticoagulant}}
Published	09/17/2024	Hereditary Syndromes a/w Phaeochromocytoma{{c1::MEN 2A and 2BNeurofibromatosis type 1Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL}}
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Phaeochromocytoma{{c1::Pre-op BP controlA-blockers (PO Phenoxybenzamine, IV Phentolamine)before*B-blockers (Propranolol)S…
Published	09/17/2024	Presentation of reactive arthritis Classic triad{{c1::Cant pee (urethritis), cant see (conjunctivitis), cant climb a tree (arthritis)}}MSK{{c1::A…
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Graves disease
Published	09/17/2024	Risk factors for phaeochromocytomaEndocrine syndromes{{c1::MEN 2A/BVon Hippel LindauNeurofibromatosis type 1}}
Published	09/17/2024	Causes of pancreatic insufficiency{{c1::Chronic pancreatitisPancreatic cancerHemochromatosis Cystic fibrosisResection}}
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for cranial nerve lesions
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for spinal cord lesions
Published	09/17/2024	Investigations for myopathy
Published	09/17/2024	Management of Retinitis Pigmentosa
New Card	10/05/2024	Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency{{c1::Primary (Addison's disease)V: Haemorrhagic infarction - Waterhouse-Friderichsen (meningoccocaemia)I: TB…
New Card	10/05/2024	Management of Adrenal Insufficiency{{c1::Patient counselling and educationGlucocorticoid replacement (PO hydrocortisone)+/- Mineralocorticoid replacem…
New Card	10/05/2024	Management of Cushing's Syndrome{{c1::ExogenousGradual withdrawal of glucocorticoidsEndogenous1) Cushing's disease (pituitary)1st line: Trans-sph…
New Card	10/08/2024	Management of Hyperthyroidism{{c1::Patient educationSmoking cessation (TED)Pregnancy advicePharmacological Symptomatic: B-blockers&nbsp…
New Card	10/08/2024	Considerations for RadioActive Iodine (RAI){{c1::Achieve euthyroidism firstC/I in moderate to severe TED+ Steroids for mild TEDC/I in pregnancy and la…
New Card	10/08/2024	Management of Thyroid Storm{{c1::ICU managementIV fluidsAntipyretics, cooling measuresTreat underlying precipitantB-blocker: PropranololAnti-thyroid m…
New Card	10/08/2024	Subtypes of Psoriatic Arthritis{{c1::Asymmetrical oligoarthritisSymmetrical polyarthritis (RA-like)Distal interphalangeal (DIPJ)Axial (spondyliti…
New Card	10/08/2024	Investigations for Psoriatic Arthritis{{c1::Diagnosis is clinicalFBC CRP ESRRP LFTRF (usually -ve)± Uric acid (for gout)CVRF screenHLA-B27?X-ray hands…
New Card	10/08/2024	Management of Psoriatic Arthritis {{c1::Patient education and counsellingOptimise CVRF controlPT/OTAvoid sunlight exposureNSAIDsDMARDs (MTX,…
New Card	10/19/2024	Investigations for Nephrotic Syndrome {{c1::DiagnosisUFEMEUPCR, 24H UTPSerum albuminLipid panelEtiologyANA, anti-dsDNA, C3/C4Hep B/C, HIV se…
New Card	10/19/2024	Investigations for Glomerulonephritis{{c1::Confirm diagnosisRPUFEME, UPCREtiologyAnti-GBMANA, anti-dsDNA, C3/C4ANCACryoglobulinsHIV, HBV, HCV ser…
New Card	10/19/2024	Clinical Features of ANCA Vasculitis{{c1::Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA = Wegener)cANCA / anti-proteinase3 (PR3)- ENT: sinusitis, rhiniti…
New Card	10/19/2024	Work-up for Young Stroke {{c1::CVRF screenFasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid panelCoagulopathyPT/APTTLAC, anti-cardiolipin, anti-B2 glycopro…
New Card	10/19/2024	Clinical Features of Takayasu's ArteritisHistory{{c1::Constitutional: fever, malaise, LOWLimb claudicationGiddiness/syncope (subclavian steal), S…
New Card	10/19/2024	Investigations for Takayasu's Arteritis{{c1::CT/MR aortogram (confirm diagnosis)US doppler renal arteriesFBC, CRP, ESRCVRF screen - HbA1c, lipid panel…
New Card	10/19/2024	Management of Takayasu's Arteritis{{c1::Multidisciplinary team: RHI, VAS, PT/OTImmunsuppression: steroids, steroid-sparing immunomodulatorsVascular in…
New Card	10/19/2024	Management of Nephrotic Syndrome{{c1::ConservativeFluid restrictionLow salt dietPharmacologicalACE-I/ARB (anti-proteinuric)Loop diuretics (oedema…
New Card	10/19/2024	Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)Etiology{{c1::Mostly idiopathicHepatitis B & CHairy cell leukemia}}Clinical Features{{c1::Constitutional: Fever, fatigue…
New Card	10/19/2024	Extra-hepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C{{c1::CryoglobulinemiaLymphomaITPPorphyria cutanea tardaLichen planusAsymptomatic RF+Sjogren'sPolyarteritis…
New Card	10/19/2024	Behcet's diseaseClinical Features{{c1::Recurrent oral ulcerationRecurrent genital ulceration Eye lesions: Uveitis, retinal vasculitisSkin lesions…
New Card	10/19/2024	CryoglobulinemiaAssociated conditions{{c1::Monoclonal gammopathies (e.g. myeloma)Lymphoproliferative disordersAutoimmune (SLE, Sjogren's)Infections: m…
New Card	10/19/2024	AmyloidosisTypes & Associations{{c1::AL: Plasma cell dyscrasias (myeloma)AA: Chronic inflammation (RA, IBD) or infections (TB)Herediatry amyl…
New Card	10/19/2024	Clinical features of Sarcoidosis{{c1::Constitutional: Fever, malaise, LOWLungs: cough, SOB, chest painSkin: Lupus pernio, erythema nodosumCardiac: HF,…
New Card	10/19/2024	Stages of CXR findings in Sarcoidosis{{c1::Stage 1: Bilateral hilar adenopathyStage 2: Bilateral hilar adenopathy + Parenchyma involvement (reticular …
New Card	10/19/2024	Management of Sarcoidosis{{c1::Assess disease severity: symptoms, radiographic involvement, pulmonary function testingIf asymptomatic - observation, s…
New Card	10/19/2024	Clinical Features of Polycythemia VeraHistory{{c1::Hyperviscosity syndrome- Neuro: headache, dizziness, seizures- Visual changes (BOV, LOV)- Muco…
New Card	10/19/2024	Investigations for Polycythemia Vera{{c1::FBC (polycythemia, raised HCT)EPO (low)JAK2 mutationBMAT (hypercellularity with trilineage growth*)US…
New Card	10/19/2024	Management of Polycythemia Vera{{c1::Risk stratified approachPhlebotomy (venesections) to aim HCT <45%Low dose aspirin prophylaxis± Cytoreduct…
New Card	10/19/2024	Overview of management of myelo/lymphoproliferative disordersMyeloproliferative{{c1::Aspirin & cytoreductive therapy (Hydroxyurea) (ET, PRV)Target…
New Card	10/19/2024	Overview of management of Chronic Haemolytic Anaemias{{c1::Folate replacement Blood transfusionsIron chelation (e.g deferoxamine)Manage complicat…
New Card	10/20/2024	Management of Myotonic Dystrophy{{c1::Multidisciplinary teamPT, OT, STNo disease-modifying therapySymptomatic management- Muscle pain: analgesics- Myo…
New Card	10/21/2024	Investigations for Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) = Osler-Weber-Rendu{{c1::FBCAnaemia workup (including iron studies)CoagsRP LFTScreenin…
New Card	10/21/2024	Management of Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) = Osler-Weber-Rendu{{c1::Multidisciplinary teamPatient educationGenetic counsellingEpi…
New Card	10/21/2024	Examination for Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) = Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome{{c1::Mucocutaneous telangiectasiasAnaemia: Conjunctival pall…
New Card	10/21/2024	Management of Marfan's Syndrome{{c1::Multidisciplinary teamPatient educationAvoid contact sports, strenuous activityCardiology follow-up of aortic roo…
New Card	10/21/2024	Indications for Surgery in Infective Endocarditis{{c1::Severe valve dysfunction causing heart failureConduction abnormalitiesAbscess, aneurysm, fistul…
Status	Last Update	Fields