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Published	02/10/2025	What is the powerhouse of the cell
Published	02/10/2025	how about
Published	02/13/2025	Question: 2018 – Medical sciences 21. Which of the following is a relative contraindication to the use of adenosine in supraventricular  tachyc…
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2021 – Clinical Applications   8. A 65 year old woman with a history of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary presents with SOB.…
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2021 - Clinical Applications   15. An 85 year old gentleman is reviewed for deprescribing of his medications. He has a history of MCA s…
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2019 – Clinical Applications 46. A 44 year old man with a history of COPD presents to ED with palpitations. His ECG is shown below.   …
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2019 – Clinical applications 94. A 24 year old man presents with syncopeA. Multifocal atrial tachycardia  B. Sinus tachycardia C. Atri…
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2019 – Clinical Applications 93. A 44 year old lady presents with recurrent palpitations and syncope.   A. Multifocal atri…
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2019 – Clinical applications 72. Which of the following is most likely to cause an electrical alternans pattern on ECG?   A. Cardiac a…
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2019 – Clinical Applications 77. A 46 year old lady presents with a stroke. A TTE is done and an apical 4 chamber view is shown below. &nbs…
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2018 – clinical applications   73. A 54-year-old man resents with sudden onset palpitations and is found to be in atrial fibrillation.…
Published	02/13/2025	2020b Medical Sciences 15. A 37 year old lady presents acutely to the Emergency Department with palpitations. A previous baseline ECG and an ECG capt…
Published	02/13/2025	2020b Clinical applications 70. Prior to starting a long term macrolide antibiotic to reduce frequency of respiratory infections, which investigation…
Published	02/13/2025	2018 – Medical sciences 42. Cardiac relaxation is an active process. Which protein is the major component of active cardiac relaxation?  &n…
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2020a – unnumbered recall   A patient has a deterioration on the ward and you are called to attend. The staff present hands …
Published	02/13/2025	Question 2021 – Clinical applications 28. Lady presents with Raynaud’s phenomena. On examination she has contraction of the pulps of her fin…
Published	02/17/2025	2022 (Medical sciences) 8 Midodrine can be used to treat postural hypotension. Midodrine acts as an agonist at what receptor?a. Alpha 1b.&nb…
Published	02/17/2025	Question 2014b (Clinical Applications) 2An 80 year old gentleman presents to the hospital with syncope. He has a background of hypertension, isch…
Published	02/16/2025	33. Which of the following indications for cardiac resynchronisation therapy will derive the greatest benefit? a.      &…
Published	02/16/2025	What are the locations of lead placement for CRT?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the ESC indications for CRT insertion?
Published	02/17/2025	When are CRTs indicated for AF?
Published	02/17/2025	What is the management of patients post-AVJ abation OR with persistent AF unsuitable for AF ablation?
Published	02/17/2025	2021 Clinical Applications 51. A 64 year old man presents with breathlessness and was found to have severe aortic regurgitation. Which of the followi…
Published	02/17/2025	What are the Echo criteria for aortic regurgitation?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the ESC recommendations for AR surgery?
Published	02/17/2025	2019 Clinical Application 80.  What is the valve primarily affected in Ebstein’s abnormality? A. Mitral B. Aortic C. Tricuspid D. Pulmonary
Published	02/17/2025	What is Ebstein's anomaly?
Published	02/17/2025	What is the clinical presentation of Ebstein's anomaly?
Published	02/17/2025	2017 Clinical Applications 39. A 40‐year‐old male is found to have large coronary artery aneurysms on CT angiography. What is the likely underlying c…
Published	02/17/2025	2017 Clinical Applications 91. A 47‐year‐old female is found to be hypertensive on a 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor with an average systoli…
Published	02/17/2025	What is the medical management of HCM?
Published	02/17/2025	2017 Medical sciences 5. What is the primary mechanism/site of action of dobutamine: a)       Vasodilation b) &nbs…
Published	02/17/2025	2018 Clinical Applications 29 A 64-year-old man is receiving candesartan, hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine at maximal doses for hypertension. A 24-h…
Published	02/17/2025	2019 Medical Sciences 43. Which of the following medications is most likely to cause rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly? A. Clonidine B. Prazoc…
Published	02/17/2025	7. A 75-year-old gentleman with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting and congestive cardiac failure experiences severe chest pain, then dies. …
Published	02/17/2025	2019 Clinical Applications 23. In the general population, what is the most accurate description of the relationship between cardiovascular risk and b…
Published	02/17/2025	2017 Clinical Applications 43. Which of the following conditions is most associated with silent myocardial infarction due to atherosclerosis? a) Hyper…
Published	02/17/2025	2019 Clinical Applications 52. A 64 year old man presents with 6 months of stable angina. He has a coronary angiogram which reveals an 80% stenosis o…
Published	02/17/2025	When should invasive intervention for stable angina be considered?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the indications for invasive revascularization with stable angina (provided the patient has been trialled on optimum GDMT)?
Published	02/17/2025	What is the STS score?
Published	02/17/2025	What is the SYNTAX Score?
Published	02/17/2025	When should an NSTEMI be managed with immediate  invasive strategy?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the two different methods of STEMI management?
Published	02/17/2025	2010 Clinical applications 72. What is the most likely cause of out of hospital cardiac arrest for a 45 year old man? A. Arrythmogenic right ventricu…
Published	02/17/2025	2010 Clinical Applications 89. What is the most likely cardiovascular complication in a patient following successful stenting of a coronary artery st…
Published	02/17/2025	What is the pathway of lipids through the body?
Published	02/17/2025	What are pro-atherosclerotic cholesterols?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the pro-atherosclerotic cholesterols?
Published	02/17/2025	What type of cholesterol is the most predictive of future atherosclerotic risk?
Published	02/17/2025	A 68 year old male patient presents with daily-angina despite medical therapy. He has previously had stable angina but has had a positive exercise str…
Published	02/17/2025	What investigations are indicated if someone has a low pre-test probabiity of coronayr artery disease?
Published	02/17/2025	What investigations are indicated if someone has intermediate pre-test probabity of coronary artery disease?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the indications for the Coronary artery calcium score?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the indications for CTCA?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the advantages of ECG stress testing?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the advantages of a stress echocardiogram?
Published	02/17/2025	What are the indications of radionucleotide myocardial perfusion imaging?
Published	02/17/2025
Published	02/17/2025	In general, what is the greatest disadvantage of coronary stenting compared to coronary bypass grafting?Higher rate of revascularization proceduresPos…
Published	02/17/2025	A 58 year-old man had a STEMI which was managed with PCI and the insertion of a drug-eluting stent. Assuming-that there are no bleeding complications …
Published	02/17/2025	A 60 year old female is currently awaiting mastectomy for breast carcinoma. She is well and walks 30 minutes daily. 4 years ago had a RCA stent i…
New Card	02/18/2025	2017 b Question 35A 64‐year‐old male, with a recent history of myocardial infarction presents to ED with chest pain. He is tachycardic with a rate of …
New Card	02/18/2025	2017 b Question 44 A 75 man is admitted with Community Acquired Pneumonia. On day three of admission, he has a cardiac arrest on the ward. H…
New Card	02/18/2025	2017 a Question 13What is the JVP waveform is seen in Complete Heart Block? a) Cannon wavesb) Prominent a wavesc) Steep y descentd) Slow X descen…
New Card	02/18/2025	2017 a Question 21 Impaired movement of which of the following ions is implicated in torsades de pointes? a) Sodiumb) Potassium c) Chlorided…
New Card	02/18/2025	2017 a Question 51 Which of the following is most suggestive of diastolic heart failure on transthoracic echocardiography? a)  Reduced …
New Card	02/18/2025	2016 a Q10What part of the cardiac action potential is primarily determined by movement of Sodium ions across the cell membrane.A. Phase 0 (Rapid earl…
New Card	02/18/2025	2016a Q31 Atrial fibrillation is usually as a result of micro-circuits within the heart. Where is the origin of these circuits? a. Left atri…
New Card	02/18/2025	2016a Q40Which of the following conditions is associated with U waves on ECG? A. AcidosisB. HypokalaemiaC. HypothermiaD. Myocardial infarctE. Lef…
New Card	02/19/2025	2016a Q54 What is the strongest indicator for insertion of a permanent pacemaker in the following situations? a. Positive tilt table test b.…
New Card	02/20/2025	2022 (Medical sciences) 26 22. What protein is involved in amyloidosis associated with dialysis?a. Serum amyloid Ab. Beta 2 microglobulinc. Trans…
New Card	02/20/2025	2022 (Medical sciences) 3434. A 55 year old male taking perindopril is switched to sacubitril/valsartan. What biochemical finding will be elevated pos…
New Card	02/20/2025	2022 (Medical sciences) 37 37. Where does the right bundle branch run in the interventricular septum?Moderator bandPerimembranous ventricular sep…
New Card	02/20/2025	2018a (Medical Sciences) 99.Which of the following is a minor criterion for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever?Carditis.Polyarthritis.Prolonged PR…
New Card	02/20/2025	2018a (Medical Sciences) 17 117.Molecular mimicry may account for the development of carditis in acute rheumatic fever. The streptococcal M prote…
New Card	02/20/2025	2018b (Clinical Applications) 6060. Which factor is the strongest indication for surgery in native valve bacterial endocarditis?Intravenous drug use a…
New Card	02/20/2025	2018b (Clinical Applications) 9595. A 64-year-old woman undergoes cardiac catheterisation during which simultaneous pressure measurements (measured in…
New Card	02/20/2025	2018b (Clinical Applications) 9696. A 46-year-old man undergoes cardiac catheterisation due to a history of breathlessness. Pressure measurements and …
New Card	02/20/2025	Question 56
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