Notes in GIM2

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Published	04/17/2023	A 65 yo W w mole that appeared several months ago, but appears to be growing.What type of lesion is this?What is the best Tx?
Published	04/17/2023	What is this lesion?
Published	04/17/2023	{{c6::Amsel's}} criteria requires {{c6::≥3}} to Dx {{c1::Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)}}:1. {{c2::homogeneous, thin, white discharge that smoothly coats th…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Metronidazole 500 mg BID x7d::Abx, dose, freq and duration}} is the preferred treatment for BV
Published	04/17/2023	The recommended regimen for {{c2::trichomoniasis}} in women is {{c1::metronidazole 500 mg BID x7d::Abx, dose and duration}}.The recommended regimen fo…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Fibromyalgia}} is characterized by {{c2::widespread chronic pain (including hypersensitivity to painful stimuli)}}, {{c2::fatigue}}, and {{c2::s…
Published	04/17/2023	First-line therapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause is {{c1::non-hormonal therapies}} e.g. {{c1::daily vaginal moisturizer}} and {{c1::vaginal …
Published	04/17/2023	32 yo F presents w/ foul-smelling, draining nodules in the axillary folds x4 yrs. Doxycycline and topical clindamycin have failed to improve Sx. PMH i…
Published	04/17/2023	Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated w/ {{c1::smoking}}, {{c1::obesity}}, and {{c1::metabolic syndrome}}, and these conditions should be addres…
Published	04/17/2023	No single Tx has been effective for HS. Decolonization w/ {{c4::dilute bleach baths}} and {{c4::chlorhexidine washes}} w/ topical {{c4::clindamycin}} …
Published	04/17/2023	Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disorder of the {{c1::apocrine}} glands and tends to occur more commonly in {{c2::women::men or …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy}} is a powerful tool in the treatment of {{c2::psoriasis vulgaris}} and other conditions, such as {{c2::m…
Published	04/17/2023	62 yo F seen for pre-op eval before total knee arthroplasty. PMH: RA, Hx of adrenal insufficiency during hip replacement 8 mo/a. Meds: etanercept, MTX…
Published	04/17/2023	Pts on high doses of glucocorticoids for extended periods (equivalent of {{c1::>20 mg/d prednisone}} for {{c1::>3 weeks::time frame}}) are at hi…
Published	04/17/2023	Pts at low risk for adrenal insufficiency (AI) are those taking low doses of glucocorticoids for shorter periods, and can proceed to surgery of {{c1::…
Published	04/17/2023	A 50 yo M presents w/ the pictured lesion on his face. It has changed color over the past 4 mo, and grown in size (now 7 mm). This Pt should {{c1…
Published	04/17/2023	ABCDE criteria for diagnosing {{c1::melanoma}}: {{c2::Asymmetry}}{{c2::Border irregularity}}{{c2::Color variation}}{{c2::Diameter greater than 6 mm}}{…
Published	04/17/2023	Adults {{c1::≥50}} years should receive the {{c2::two-dose recombinant herpes zoster vaccine}}, administered {{c2::2-6 mo}} apart regardless of {{c2::…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate}} vaccine is recommended to be given at age {{c2::11 to 12}} years, w/ a booster dose at age {{c2::16}} yea…
Published	04/17/2023	The USPSTF supports screening all adults for HTN beginning at age {{c1::18}} years. For Pts younger than {{c1::40}} years w/ normal initial blood…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Bariatric surgery}} is indicated for motivated individuals w/ {{c2::BMI ≥40}} OR ({{c2::BMI ≥35}} + {{c2::obesity-associated comorbid complicati…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Phentermine-topiramate}} is a {{c3::noradrenergic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor activator}} and {{c3::AMPA glutamate receptor inhibitor}}. It has…
Published	04/17/2023	25 yo M w/ 2 d of rapidly spreading pruritic rash (pictured) on his chest, back, neckupper arms, and legs. PMH of acne vulgaris (Tx w/ tretinoin cream…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Exanthematous}} AKA {{c1::morbilliform (measles-like)}} eruptions are the most common form of cutaneous drug reactions, most likely representing…
Published	04/17/2023	Exanthematous or morbilliform (measles-like) eruptions present as erythematous {{c1::papules and macules::papules or macules}} that {{c1::coalesce sym…
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment of an exanthematous (morbilliform) eruption involves {{c1::cessation of the causative agent}}, use of potent {{c1::topical glucocorticoids}}…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)}} was formerly called {{c1::drug reaction w/ eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)}}, is a severe life-threatening medication reaction. Symptoms begin {{c5::2-6 wks::time frame}} af…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::A fixed drug eruption}} presents w/ {{c2::one to several::one or many}} {{c2::dusky purple-pink::color}} {{c2::macules or plaques::macules or pl…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c4::Hypersensitivity vasculitis}} occurs w/n {{c1::2 weeks::time frame}} of {{c2::drug exposure}} and manifests as {{c3::palpable purpura}}
Published	04/17/2023	All {{c1::non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) agents}} should be {{c2::continued::continued or held}} during the periopera…
Published	04/17/2023	All {{c1::biologic DMARD agents}} should be {{c2::witheld for one dosing cycle}} before elective surgeries e.g. arthroplasty and resumed {{c2::when th…
Published	04/17/2023	All biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) agents should be continued in the peri-operative period fors Pts w/ {{c2::severe SLE}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c3::Non-biological DMARDs}} include {{c1::methotrexate}}, {{c1::hydroxychloroquine}}, {{c1::sulfasalazine}}, and {{c1::leflunomide}}. They target {{…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Biological DMARDs}} include {{c2::TNF-α inhibitors}} e.g. {{c2::infliximab}}, {{c2::etanercept}}, and {{c2::adalimumab}}, as well as {{c3::non-T…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Janus kinase inhibitors}}, such as {{c2::tofacitinib}}, {{c3::baricitinib}}, {{c4::upadacitinib}}, {{c3::filgotinib}}, {{c2::peficitinib}}, shou…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Seborrheic dermatitis}} is characterized by greasy, scaly, yellow to erythematous patches.
Published	04/17/2023	Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by {{c1::greasy}}, {{c1::scaly}}, {{c1::yellow to erythematous}} patches.Tx effectively by {{c2::zinc pyrithion…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Clobetasol ointment}} is an {{c2::ultra-high-potency topical glucocorticoid}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::5-Fluorouracil}} cream is used to treat {{c2::actinic keratosis}}, as well as {{c3::superficial BCC}} and {{c3::SCC in situ}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::SSRIs}} are commonly associated w/ {{c1::decreased libido}} and {{c1::erectile dysfunction}}. If AE are significant, the drug should be tapered.…
Published	04/17/2023	Meds commonly implicated in ED are {{c1::antidepressants}} (e.g. {{c1::SSRIs}}), and {{c2::antihypertensives}}, e.g. {{c2::β-blockers}}, {{c2::spirono…
Published	04/17/2023	Contraindications to estrogen-containing contraceptives include PMH of: -{{c1::Migraine w/ aura}}-Hx of {{c1::breast cancer}}-{{c1::Venous thromboembo…
Published	04/17/2023	Non-estrogen hormonal contraception options are {{c1::levonorgestrel}}-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs), {{c1::subdermal progestin}} implant, {{c…
Published	04/17/2023	32 yo F presents w/ rapidly spreading rash on her trunk, extremities, and face. It started 84 hrs ago. She has fever (104F), tachycardia (110), intens…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap syndrome}} involves {{c2::10-30}}% body surface area, begins {{c2::1 to 3 weeks::tim…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)}} refers to the rapid onset of a pustular rash after a medication exposure. Onset may be as so…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Erythroderma}} is defined as {{c2::diffuse erythema}} covering {{c2::≥80}}% body surface area and is commonly associated w/ pruritus, peripheral…
Published	04/17/2023	The choice of a topical broad-spectrum antibiotic for bacterial conjunctivitis is usually empiric; the {{c2::most convenient OR least expensive option…
Published	04/17/2023	Olopatadine is a {{c1::topical antihistamine}} that is commonly used in Pts w/ {{c2::allergic conjunctivitis}}, who typically present w/ {{c3::bilater…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Keratoacanthoma}} initially presents as a {{c2::pink nodule::color, papule or nodule}} w/ a {{c2::keratin}}-filled center. It can be described a…
Published	04/17/2023	This volcaniform lesion is a {{c1::keratoacanthoma}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Actinic keratosis}} is a precancerous lesion that can potentially develop into {{c2::squamous cell carcinoma}}. It presents as a {{c3::thin papu…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC)}} is the most common type of BCC, classically appearing as {{c2::pearly/translucent papules}} w/ {{c2::rolled…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Pyoderma gangrenosum}} presents w/ an exquisitely tender papule, pustule, or nodule. The area quickly enlarges and begins to ulcerate in a {{c2:…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Sporotrichosis}}, also known as "{{c2::rose handler's disease}}" is a rare fungal infection caused by {{c1::Sporothrix schenckii}}. It comm…
Published	04/17/2023	An 8:00 AM cortisol of {{c1::<3}} µg/dL in the absence of {{c2::glucocorticoid replacement for 24 hours}}, indicates {{c3::suppressed}} a…
Published	04/17/2023	An 8:00 AM cortisol of {{c1::>15}} µg/dL indicates {{c3::normal}} adrenal function and perioperative glucocorticoid stress dosing is {{c3…
Published	04/17/2023	An 8:00 AM cortisol of {{c1::3 to 14}} µg/dL require additional eval, e.g. {{c3::corticotropin (ACTH) stimulation test}} or empiric perioperative {{c3…
Published	04/17/2023	Three pneumococcal vaccines are available: the {{c1::15-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV15)}}, the {{c1::PCV20}}, and the {{c1::23-valent polysaccharide …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Frailty}} is a multifactorial state of decreased physiologic reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors. It is associated w/ {{c2::periop…
Published	04/17/2023	Preoperative {{c1::ECG}} is reasonable in Pts w/ known {{c2::coronary artery disease}}, {{c2::arrhythmia}}, {{c2::peripheral artery disease}}, {{c2::c…
Published	04/17/2023	The USPSTF does not recommend screening for {{c1::carotid artery stenosis::for this vascular disease}} in the general adult population.
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w/ COPD should be screened preoperatively for signs and symptoms of {{c1::COPD exacerbation}}, and {{c1::OSA}}.
Published	04/17/2023	Validated screening tool for OSA is the STOP-BANG questionnaire:-{{c1::Snoring}}-{{c1::Tiredness}}-{{c1::Observed apnea}}-{{c1::Pressure (elevated BP)…
Published	04/17/2023	Preoperative CXR is not recommended in Pts w/ chronic lung disease unless clinical examination or history suggests {{c1::a change in pulmonary status}…
Published	04/17/2023	62 yo M presents to the ED for a rash that developed over entire body during the past wk. He was discharged from the hospital 15d ago after a COPD exa…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Lichen planus}} typically presents as {{c2::purple/hyperpigmented flat-topped pruritic papules}} that may exhibit a diffuse, hypertrophic form, …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Pemphigus vulgaris}} is an autoimmune blistering disease, and presents w/ {{c2::flaccid}} blisters that transform {{c2::rapidly to large, weepin…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Bullous pemphigoid}} presents as {{c2::tense}} blisters most commonly seen in older adults on the trunk, limbs, and flexures. Oral lesions are {…
Published	04/17/2023	Suggested alternative regimens for BV include {{c1::clindamycin (oral)}}, {{c1::secnidazole (oral)}}, and {{c1::tinidazole (oral)}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w/ {{c1::vulvovaginal candidiasis}} infections typically present w/ {{c2::itching}} and a {{c2::thick white}} discharge. The diagnosis is confirme…
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w/ chronic sinusitis, characterized by {{c1::nasal congestion, purulent rhinorrhea, and headache::3}} for {{c2::>12 weeks::timeframe}}, should …
Published	04/17/2023	In Pts w/ chronic sinusitis, the findings most commonly seen on CT include {{c1::mucosal thickening, sinus ostial obstruction, polyps, and sinus opaci…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Paroxetine::This specific drug}} monotherapy or combined w/ a {{c1::phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor::drug from this class}} is considered first-li…
Published	04/17/2023	The USPSTF recommends lung cancer screening w/ {{c1::an annual low-dose CT of the chest::this test and this frequency}} for persons {{c2::50 - 80…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Nail psoriasis}} is characterized by dystrophic nails w/ yellow-red (oil stain) discoloration, pitting, and distal onycholysis
Published	04/17/2023	Nail psoriasis more commonly affects the {{c1::finger}}nails than {{c1::toe}}nails, and is characterized by dystrophic nails w/ {{c1::yellow-red (oil …
Published	04/17/2023	Nail psoriasis is strongly associated w/ {{c1::psoriatic arthritis}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Paronychia}} is an {{c2::infection of the nail fold}}, most commonly caused by {{c2::Staphylococcus aureus}}.
Published	04/17/2023	A 69 F presents for pre-op evaluation before total hip arthroplasty. PMH of HTN, DJD, and hypothyroidism. Meds: levothyroxine, chlorthalidone, and lis…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Coagulation studies::These labs}} are indicated in Pts taking {{c2::anticoagulants}}, those w/ known or suspected {{c2::liver}} dysfunction, or …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::A platelet count::This lab}} is reasonable in Pts w/ a history of {{c2::bleeding diathesis}}, those w/ a {{c2::myeloproliferative}} disorder, th…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Sleeve gastrectomy}} is associated w/ {{c2::less::more or less}} weight loss compared to {{c3::Roux-en-Y gastric bypass}}, but fewer 30-day post…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)}} surgery has the most efficacy data and remains superior to other procedures for weight loss, but it also has t…
Published	04/17/2023	Gastric banding is often complicated by {{c1::band erosion}} and {{c1::slippage}}
Published	04/17/2023	76 yo F presents for pre-op eval for elective ankle arthroplasty. PMH includes HFrEF, COPD. Exam: HR 109, RR 24, O2 90% on 2L NC, elevated JVD. TTE sh…
Published	04/17/2023	Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is defined as pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) {{c1::>25 mm Hg}}
Published	04/17/2023	Potential complications of PH include {{c1::MI}}, {{c1::arrhythmias}}, {{c1::RV failure}}, {{c1::VTE}}, and {{c1::pulmonary failure}}
Published	04/17/2023	Surgery should generally be avoided in Pts w/ severe {{c1::Pulmonary Hypertension}}.
Published	04/17/2023	Women who are planning pregnancy and do not have immunity to rubella should receive the MMR vaccine before conceiving and should wait {{c1::≥4 weeks}}…
Published	04/17/2023	Immunizations to be avoided during pregnancy include live vaccines:-{{c1::Varicella}}-{{c1::Human papillomavirus (HPV)}}-{{c1::Herpes zoster, live att…
Published	04/17/2023	All pregnant women should receive a {{c1::tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap)}} vaccine b/n {{c2::27-36}} weeks'…
Published	04/17/2023	According to the CDC, chlamydia screening of all sexually active women {{c1::≤25}} yo is recommended.
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Conductive}} hearing loss is more often associated w/ pain or ear drainage, whereas {{c1::sensorineural}} hearing loss is more often accompanied…
Published	04/17/2023	The {{c1::Weber}} test assesses {{c2::sensorineural}} hearing. A 256-Hz vibrating tuning fork is applied to the {{c2::midline forehead, bridge of the …
Published	04/17/2023	The {{c1::Rinne}} test assesses {{c2::conductive}} hearing. In this test, the patient is asked to identify whether the tuning fork sound is louder whe…
Published	04/17/2023	The most concerning condition causing {{c1::chronic unilateral sensorineural hearing loss}} w/ {{c1::tinnitus}} is an {{c2::acoustic neuroma}}
Published	04/17/2023	57 M presents w/ 2 d of mild/moderate burning L flank pain assoc w/ rash (pictured). The patient has herpes zoster, and should be treated w/ {{c1…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Varicella-zoster virus}} is a {{c2::DNA}} virus that causes {{c2::chickenpox}}, which is an acute illness w/ fever and an eruption of vesicles o…
Published	04/17/2023	For VZV involvement of {{c1::the first division of the trigeminal nerve (forehead extending over upper eyelid, or nasal tip involvement)::this specifi…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Postherpetic neuralgia}} is defined as chronic neuropathic pain that persists for {{c2::≥3 months}} after the initial onset of herpes zoster.&nb…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Acute angle-closure glaucoma}} presents w/ {{c2::sudden::sudden or insidious}} onset of {{c2::unilateral::unilateral or bilateral}} visual distu…
Published	04/17/2023	Attacks of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma (ACG) more commonly occur in the {{c1::evening, when lower light levels cause mydriasis and folding back of th…
Published	04/17/2023	Common examination findings for {{c1::acute angle closure glaucoma}} include a {{c2::mid-dilated}}, {{c2::minimally}} responsive pupil; conjunctival {…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Bacterial keratitis}} is most commonly seen in Pts who use {{c2::contact lenses}} and {{c2::wear their lenses overnight or improperly wash the l…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Orbital cellulitis}} is an infection of the {{c2::globe}}, ocular {{c2::fat}} and {{c2::muscles}} of the orbit that can be both vision- and life…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Scleritis}} presents w/ a {{c2::red}} eye, and {{c2::intense boring}} eye pain, with {{c2::visual disturbance::Sx}},{{c2::photophobia::Sx}}, and…
Published	04/17/2023	Routine screening for cervical cancer can be discontinued at age {{c1::65}} years in non–high-risk women, provided that the patient has undergone adeq…
Published	04/17/2023	48 yo M presents w/ 2 mo painless lesion (pictured) on L shoulder. It's been increasing in size and is now 2 cm. PMH is unremarkable. The patient most…
Published	04/17/2023	All women who are pregnant or might be pregnant during the influenza season should {{c1::receive standard-dose influenza vaccination as soon as it bec…
Published	04/17/2023	One-time screening for hepatitis C virus should be completed in all Pts aged {{c1::18 to 79}} years.Pts w/ risk factors (RF) for hepatitis C should be…
Published	04/17/2023	According to the USPSTF, screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea should be performed in all sexually active women {{c1::≤24}} yo b/c of increased preval…
Published	04/17/2023	58 F presents w/ 5 wks of itchy rash on low back. PMH includes recent Dx of HCV infx, for which she was started on ledipasvir-sofosbuvir. The pat…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Lichen planus}} is a {{c2::T-cell}}–mediated Dz classically presenting w/ {{c3::pruritic purple papules}} (often flat topped) and characteristic…
Published	04/17/2023	Lichen planus is typically treated w/ {{c1::topical glucocorticoids}} or {{c1::ultraviolet light therapy}} and tends to resolve over the course of {{c…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Pityriasis rosea}} begins as a {{c2::single annular patch or plaque}} w/ fine scaling (the {{c3::herald patch}}), typically on the {{c2::trunk/u…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Secondary syphilis}} typically presents w/ generalized {{c2::lymphadenopathy::exam finding}}, w/ a {{c2::brownish red::color}} rash that involve…
Published	04/17/2023	Risk factors for endometrial cancer include:-{{c1::Obesity (BMI ≥30)}}-{{c1::Hx of unopposed estrogen}} (e.g., {{c1::PCOS}}, {{c1::obesity}})-{{c1::Ge…
Published	04/17/2023	Pts presenting w/ {{c1::abnl uterine bleeding}} that are {{c1::≥45}} yo OR {{c1::<45 who are at increased risk for endometrial CA}} should undergo …
Published	04/17/2023	In postmenopausal women w/ abnormal uterine bleeding, transvaginal ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the thickness of the endometrial lining; an…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Low-dose aspirin}} may be considered for primary prevention of ASCVD in adults {{c2::40 to 59}} yo at higher ASCVD risk, 10-yr risk {{c2::>10…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Clopidogrel}} is recommended for secondary ASCVD prevention in Pts who are aspirin intolerant
Published	04/17/2023	The primary sites of vitamin D absorption are the {{c1::jejunum}} and {{c1::ileum}};Deficiencies of vitamin D and other fat-soluble vitamins occur reg…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Tinea corporis}} is characterized by {{c1::annular erythematous plaques w/ scale at the border}} on the body/trunk.Dx by presence of {{c1::branc…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Scabies}} presents w/ an extremely pruritic rash characterized by {{c2::erythematous papules and burrows}}, which are commonly on the {{c3::wris…
Published	04/17/2023	A {{c1::Wood lamp}} is a handheld UV light source used to Dx {{c2::pigment}} disorders, such as {{c2::vitiligo}}, and may also be used to diagnose the…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Ultrasonography}} is the preferred imaging modality for evaluation of a breast mass in women younger than {{c2::30}} years, b/c younger women ha…
Published	04/17/2023	Breast biopsy is recommended for BI-RADS category {{c1::4 and 5}} findings, as well as {{c1::any suspicious findings, e.g. a hard, fixed, or heterogen…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Diagnostic mammography}} is an appropriate first test in a woman aged {{c2::≥30}} years who presents w/ a breast mass
Published	04/17/2023	All women presenting w/ a breast mass should be evaluated by {{c1::imaging::general}} even if their clinical breast exam lacks concerning features.&nb…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Urticarial vasculitis}} is characterized by:-Urticarial lesions that last {{c2::>24h}} and that {{c2::burn and sting}} rather than itch-{{c2:…
Published	04/17/2023	Urticarial vasculitis is Dx by {{c1::skin biopsy}}
Published	04/17/2023	Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis is strongly associated w/ {{c1::systemic lupus erythematosus}} and {{c1::glomerulonephritis}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Typical urticaria}} lesions {{c2::itch::itch or burn}} and are {{c2::transient::persistent or transient}}. If episodes or recurrent hives l…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors}}, such as {{c2::sildenafil}}, {{c2::tadalafil}}, and {{c2::vardenafil}}, are considered first-line pharmacothera…
Published	04/17/2023	PDE-5 inhibitors should be taken {{c1::30 to 60 minutes}} before sexual activity, and efficacy may be decreased if taken after consumption of {{c1::a …
Published	04/17/2023	All Pts w/ ED should have {{c1::early morning serum total testosterone::this lab}} measured
Published	04/17/2023	Evidence supports that {{c1::loneliness and social isolation::that this non-traditional/social factors}} are significant risk factors for cardiovascul…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Retinal detachment}} is an ocular emergency that causes {{c2::painless::painful or painless}} vision loss, unilateral {{c2::flashing lights}}, {…
Published	04/17/2023	Risk factors for retinal detachment include {{c1::increasing age}}, {{c1::myopia}}, and recent {{c1::cataract surgery}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Myopia}} means {{c2::near-sightedness}}.Pts can see {{c2::close}} objects clearly, but {{c2::distant}} objects appear blurry
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Hyperopia}} means {{c2::far-sightedness}}.Pts can see {{c2::far}} objects clearly, but {{c2::near}} objects appear blurry
Published	04/17/2023	Dry AMD typically presents w/ gradual onset of vision loss that is most noticeable when {{c1::driving}} or w/ a {{c1::scotoma (blind spot)}}
Published	04/17/2023	Wet AMD can present acutely w/ change or loss in {{c1::central}} vision resulting from {{c2::subretinal swelling and hemorrhage}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)}} presents w/ {{c2::abrupt::abrupt or insidious}}, {{c2::painless::painful or painless}} vision loss in …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)}} presents w/ {{c2::sudden::sudden or gradual}} onset of {{c2::unilateral::unilateral or bilateral}} visio…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Vitiligo}}, an {{c2::autoimmune}} skin condition characterized by depigmented patches, is associated w/ {{c2::autoimmune thyroid disease}}As suc…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Hashimoto thyroiditis}} and {{c1::Graves disease}} are associated w/ vitiligo and risk increases w/ age.
Published	04/17/2023	Hepatitis C virus infection is associated w/ some cutaneous diseases, such as {{c1::lichen planus}}, {{c1::porphyria cutanea tarda}}, and {{c1::leukoc…
Published	04/17/2023	Universal screening for HIV infection is recommended for adolescents and adults aged {{c1::15 to 65}} years.
Published	04/17/2023	The USPSTF recommends screening for {{c1::osteoporosis}} in all women aged {{c2::65}} years or older and in women younger than {{c2::65}} years who ar…
Published	04/17/2023	Women w/ a 10-yr FRAX risk for major osteoporotic Fx greater than {{c1::a typical 65-yo woman (8.4%)}} should undergo screening for osteoporosis
Published	04/17/2023	The U.S. National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends pharmacologic Tx for Pts w/:1. {{c1::Osteoporosis-related hip or spine Fx}}2. BMD T-score of {{c1…
Published	04/17/2023	The National Academy of Medicine recommends calcium intake of {{c1::1000 to 1200}} mg/d, ideally from dietary sources.
Published	04/17/2023	Routine screening for vitamin D deficiency is not recommended in healthy populations; however, testing for deficiency is appropriate in groups at high…
Published	04/17/2023	In Pts undergoing major surgery, warfarin should be withheld a minimum of {{c1::5 days::time frame}} before surgery to normalize the INR.In Pts on chr…
Published	04/17/2023	A {{c1::pregnancy}} test should be obtained for all women of reproductive age presenting w/ acute pelvic pain to rule out an {{c1::ectopic pregnancy}}…
Published	04/17/2023	If a woman w/ acute pelvic pain does have a positive pregnancy test result, quantitative {{c1::β-human chorionic gonadotropin}}, blood {{c1::type and …
Published	04/17/2023	Women w/ ectopic pregnancies may undergo {{c1::surgical management}} or {{c1::medical management}} w/ {{c1::methotrexate::specific}}, as directed by a…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Transvaginal ultrasonography::This imaging modality}} can assess for {{c2::ectopic pregnancy}}, {{c2::ovarian cyst}}, {{c2::ovarian torsion}}, a…
Published	04/17/2023	A 26 yo F presents w/ 1 wk of pruritic rash on her chin. She has no other medical problems. Pt most likely has {{c1::non-bullous impetigo}}, and …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Nonbullous impetigo}} is characterized by eroded erythematous papules or plaques w/ {{c2::honey}}-colored crust
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Impetigo}} is a superficial infection of the epidermis most commonly caused by {{c2::Staphylococcus aureus}} or {{c2::group A streptoc…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Ecthyma}} is a deeper ulcerative form of {{c2::impetigo}}
Published	04/17/2023	In Pts w/ active cancer, annual vaccination w/ the standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine should be administered {{c1::≥ 2 weeks::time frame}} be…
Published	04/17/2023	High-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine became available in the 2020-2021 influenza season and is an option for Pts aged {{c1::≥65}} yrs.
Published	04/17/2023	The {{c1::nasal spray}} {{c3::influenza}} vaccine is a {{c2::live attenuated}} vaccine indicated for Pts {{c2::2-49}} y.o.It is contraindicated in {{c…
Published	04/17/2023	In Pts taking anticoagulants, supplements e.g. {{c1::Vitamin E}} and {{c1::fish oil}} increase the risk for {{c2::bleeding}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::β-carotene}} increases the risk for {{c2::lung cancer}} in {{c2::cigarette smokers}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Biotin::This supplement}} can cause:Falsely high levels of {{c2::free T4}}, {{c2::free T3}}, {{c2::total T4}}, and {{c2::total T3}}, ANDFal…
Published	04/17/2023	Pts taking thyroid replacement and also taking ≥5-10 mg/d of biotin should discontinue it entirely or at least {{c1::2 to 5 days}} before {{c2::thyroi…
Published	04/17/2023	Topical antibiotics are helpful in {{c1::inflammatory acne}} because they target {{c2::Cutibacterium acnes (and have anti-inflammatory effects)}}…
Published	04/17/2023	Spironolactone is a pregnancy category {{c1::C (risk can't be r/o)}}
Published	04/17/2023	Rapid onset of acne combined w/ other signs of hyperandrogenism warrants consideration of {{c1::polycystic ovary syndrome}}, {{c1::congenital adrenal …
Published	04/17/2023	Common topical antibiotics clindamycin and erythromycin are pregnancy category {{c1::B}}, whereas topical benzoyl peroxide is pregnancy category {{c1:…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Topical metronidazole cream}} is a first-line treatment for {{c2::papulopustular rosacea::this specific skin disorder}}.
Published	04/17/2023	In Pts w/ normal kidney function, withholding a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) for {{c1::4}} half-lives ({{c1::2-3}} days) reduces anticoagulant lev…
Published	04/17/2023	The {{c1::BRIDGE}} trial demonstrated no difference in {{c2::thrombotic events}} in Pts on {{c2::warfarin::drug}} w/ {{c2::AFib::PMH}} who were and we…
Published	04/17/2023	Health care workers are at increased risk for {{c1::influenza}}, {{c1::hepatitis B}}, {{c1::measles}}, {{c1::mumps}}, {{c1::rubella}}, {{c1::pert…
Published	04/17/2023	FDA-approved options for emergency contraception include:1. {{c1::Oral ulipristal acetate}}2. {{c1::Oral levonorgestrel}}3. {{c1::Copper intrauterine …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Ulipristal acetate}} {{c2::delays ovulation::mechanism}}. It's the preferred PO emergency contraceptive option for women w/ {{c3::a BMI &gt…
Published	04/17/2023	The {{c1::copper IUD}} is FDA approved for use as emergency contraception and is the most effective form of emergency contraception; it can reduce the…
Published	04/17/2023	The {{c1::levonorgestrel oral contraceptive pill}} is available over the counter (w/o age restriction), and a single dose is effective for emergency c…
Published	04/17/2023	Emergency contraception can be provided w/ off-label use of {{c1::combined oral contraceptive pills}} containing {{c1::ethinyl estradiol}} or either {…
Published	04/17/2023	This type of burn is a {{c1::second}}-degree, {{c1::superficial partial}}-thickness burn.
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Third-degree}} burns cause minimal pain to air, temperature and pressure, because the vessels and nerves of the dermis are no longer in tact.
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Surgical excision}} and {{c2::skin grafting}} should be considered for burn wounds that do not {{c1::re-epithelialize after 2 to 3 weeks}}
Published	04/17/2023	A {{c1::second}}-degree, {{c1::deep partial}}-thickness burn involves destruction of the {{c2::epidermis and the dermis}}. It presents as a wet or dry…
Published	04/17/2023	Allergic conjunctivitis is due to {{c1::IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation}}, w/ the resultant release of {{c2::histamine}} and other inflammatory m…
Published	04/17/2023	Topical antihistamines w/ mast cell-stabilizing effects include:{{c1::Olopatadine}}, {{c2::alcaftadine}}, {{c3::bepotastine}}, {{c4::azelastine hydroc…
Published	04/17/2023	The ACP suggests 3 options for colon cancer screening:{{c1::Colonoscopy}} q {{c1::10 years}}, OR{{c1::Flexible sigmoidoscopy}} q {{c1::10 years}} + {{…
Published	04/17/2023	The serum circulating methylated SEPT9 DNA test is an FDA-approved colon cancer screening strategy, but it's Sn is only {{c1::48}}%.
Published	04/17/2023	Menopause is diagnosed {{c1::clinically/retrospectively when a woman has not experienced a menstrual period x12 months}}
Published	04/17/2023	Workup for possible early menopause (age {{c1::<40}} years) should include: -{{c2::Pregnancy test}}-{{c2::FSH}}-{{c2::TSH}}-{{c2::Prolactin}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Melasma}} is a hyperpigmentation disorder resulting in {{c2::tan/dark brown reticulated patches}} that occurs mostly on the {{c2::sun-exposed ar…
Published	04/17/2023	Long-term use of topical glucocorticoids on the face increases the risk for {{c1::skin atrophy}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone}} is a depigmenting topical medication used for the treatment of vitiligo. It may be used to {{c2::permanently …
Published	04/17/2023	Human papillomavirus vaccination should ideally be administered b/n age {{c1::11 and 12}} years or b/n age {{c1::13 and 26}} years if not given previo…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Testicular torsion}} presents w/ acute onset of moderate to severe testicular pain w/ profound tenderness, swelling, elevation of the involved t…
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