Notes in Infectious Diseases

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	04/17/2023	Disseminated {{c2::Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)}} can be seen in HIV Pts w/ CD4 cell counts {{c1::≤ 50}}/μL
Published	04/17/2023	Disseminated MAC is generally diagnosed by {{c1::bone marrow biopsy}} or {{c1::AFB BCx culture}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::M. abscessus}} typ occurs in Pts w {{c2::cystic fibrosis::Pulm disease}}, {{c2::COPD::Pulm disease}}, {{c2::solid organ recipients}}, {{c2::stem…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::M. abscessus}} is one of the most pathogenic and resistant NTM.
Published	04/17/2023	Risk factors for {{c1::M. tuberculosis}} are {{c2::HIV::infection}}, {{c2::substance abuse::modifiable}}, {{c2::congregational::social}} settings, and…
Published	04/17/2023	CSF in {{c1::bacterial meningitis}} typically has {{c2::elevated}} WBC, {{c2::decreased}} glucose, and {{c2::elevated}} protein
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::WNV}} viremia usually drops to very low, if not undetectable, levels by the time of symptom/encephalitis onset. Therefore {{c2::CSF or serum IgM…
Published	04/17/2023	Catheter salvage can be attempted for drug susceptible {{c2::Klebsiella}} spp, {{c1::E. coli::ssp}}, {{c3::Enterobacter}} spp and {{c4::Coag…
Published	04/17/2023	Catheter removal is always necessary for CLABSI’s caused by {{c1::S. aureus}}, {{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa}}, {{c1::drug-resistant gram-negative baci…
Published	04/17/2023	Appropriate duration of therapy for uncomplicated GN bacteremia is {{c1::7-14 days}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Carbapenem}} is the prefered class of antimicrobial for ESBL
Published	04/17/2023	PPD is measured based on the size of {{c1::induration}}
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric outpatient therapy for PID: {{c1::Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM x1::dose and duration}} + {{c1::Doxycycline 100 mg q12h x14d::dose and duration}} to c…
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for non-gonococcal cervicitis and urethritis is {{c1::Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x7d::empiric therapy dose and duration}} OR {{c1::…
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for chlamydia cervicitis, urethritis or proctitis:{{c1::Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x7d::First-line Abx, dose and duration}} OR {{c2…
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for chlamydia cervicitis, or urethritis in pregnancy is {{c1::Azithromycin 1g PO x1::Abx, dose, and duration}} OR {{c1::Amoxi…
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for Gonococcal cervicitis, urethritis, proctitis, or pharyngeal infection (w/o chlamydia co-infection) {{c1::ceftriaxone 500 mg IM x1::dose …
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for Gonococcal cervicitis, urethritis, proctitis, or pharyngeal infection (w/o r/o of chlamydia co-infection) {{c1::ceftriaxone 500 mg IM x1…
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for Gonococcal cervicitis, urethritis, proctitis, or pharyngeal infection (w/o chlamydia co-infection) in a patient w/ Cephalosporin allergy…
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) (w/o chlamydia co-infection) is {{c1::Ceftriaxone 1 g q 24h x7d::dose, frequency, duration}…
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric IV/inpatient therapy for PID: {{c1::Ceftriaxone 1 g IV q 24h::dose and frequency}} + {{c1::Doxycycline 100 mg q12h::dose and frequen…
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric treatment for epididymitis in young, sexually active men is {{c1::Ceftriaxone 500 mg IV x1 AND Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x10d}}
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric treatment for epididymitis in patient who receives insertive anal intercourse (w/o r/o STIs) is {{c1::Ceftriaxone 500 mg IV x1 AND&n…
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric treatment for epididymitis when gonorrhea has been r/o is {{c1::Levofloxacin 500 mg PO qd x10d::Abx dose, frequency and duration}}
Published	04/17/2023	When do you worry about a co-infection of chlamydia and gonorrhea?
Published	04/17/2023	Pigeons and parrots are risk factors for {{c1::psittacosis ("Parrot fever")}} caused by {{c2::Chlamydia psittaci::spp and ssp}}.
Published	04/17/2023	Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma spp can all cause {{c1::interstitial}} pneumonias
Published	04/17/2023	Parrot fever, caused by Chlamydia psittaci, can be treated by {{c1::Doxycycline::Specific Abx}}, {{c1::Macrolides::Abx class}}, or {{c1::Flu…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Coxiella burnetii::organism}} causes {{c2::Q fever::syndrome/condition}}.
Published	04/17/2023	Birthing of farm animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats is associated w/ infection of {{c1::Coxiella burnetii::Organism}}
Published	04/17/2023	Hanta virus can cause {{c2::ARDS::syndrome}}, {{c3::hemoconcentration::CBC finding}}, and {{c3::thrombocytopenia::CBC finding}} and is spread by {{c1:…
Published	04/17/2023	Rhodococcus equi is a {{c1::gram positive coccobacillus::gram stain description}} that can cause a {{c2::pulmonary nodule}} OR {{c2::cavitary lesion}}
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric therapy for VAP should cover {{c1::Staph aureus}}, {{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa}} and {{c1::other GN bacilli}}.
Published	04/17/2023	Risk factors for antibiotic resistant VAP:1. IV Abx w/n {{c1::90 d}}2. {{c2::Septic shock}} at time of VAP diagnosis3. {{c3::Dialysis}} before VAP4. {…
Published	04/17/2023	Risk of HIV transmision is essentially zero in Pts w/ sustained, undetectable viral load for {{c1::≥ 6 mo::time duration}}
Published	04/17/2023	Post-treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) is non-specific constitutional sx that can last months after Lyme Disease Tx. Best managed by {{c1::reass…
Published	04/17/2023	Anaerobic coverage for pneumonia is not required unless there is an {{c1::empyema}}, {{c1::lung abscess}}, or {{c1::post-obstructive pneumonia}}
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for secondary syphilis is {{c1::Benzathine PCN 2.4 MU IM x1::Dose and frequency}}
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for late-latent syphilis OR syphilis of unknown duration is {{c1::Benzathine PCN 2.4 MU IM q week x3::Dose and frequency}}
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for neurosyphilis in Pt w PCN allergy is {{c1::Ceftriaxone}}
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for syphilis (non-neurosyphilis) in Pt w PCN allergy is {{c1::Doxycycline 100 mg BID x14d::dose and duration}}
Published	04/17/2023	Personal Hx of recurrent Neisseria infection, or Hx of Neisseria infections among mult family members is an indication to {{c1:: scree…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Selective IgA deficiency}} is the MC cause of Primary immunodeficiency
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Selective IgA deficiency::primary deficiency}} is associated w/ recurrent {{c2::sinus}} or {{c2::pulmonary infections}}.
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric treatment for necrotizing fasciitis is:One of these ({{c1::Vanc}}, {{c1::Dapto}}, or {{c1::Linezolid}})ANDOne of these (possible combinations)…
Published	04/17/2023	Fist line antibiotics for Vibrio vulnificus associated necrotizing fasciitis are {{c1::Doxycycline}} + {{c1::Ceftazidine}}
Published	04/17/2023	Fist line antibiotics for Streptococcus pyogenes or Clostridium spp associated necrotizing fasciitis are {{c1::penicillin}} + {{c1::clindamycin}}
Published	04/17/2023	First line antibiotics for aeromonas hydrophilia associated necrotizing fasciitis are {{c1::doxycycline}} + {{c1::ciprofloxacin}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Coccidioides::This endemic mycosis}} can cause acute or chronic {{c2::pulmonary}} infections, {{c2::cutaneous}} infections, {{c2::meningitis}} o…
Published	04/17/2023	Coccidioides {{c1::immitis}} is found in {{c2::California}}
Published	04/17/2023	Coccidioides {{c1::posadasii}} is found in {{c2::Arizona, New Mexico, West Texas, North Mexico and parts of Central and South America}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Mucormycosis}} has characteristic {{c2::broad, nonseptate hyphae::histological finding}} w/ {{c2::near 90° branches::histological finding}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Doxycycline 100 mg BID x14-21d::Abx, dose, frequency and duration}} is the treatment of choice for Pts w/ isolated facial nerve palsy, and posit…
Published	04/17/2023	For Lyme Disease, Ceftriaxone is reserved for Pts w {{c1::meningoencephalitis}} or {{c1::myelitis}}
Published	04/17/2023	IgG for Lyme Disease is almost always positive w/n {{c1::4 weeks::time}} of symptom onset
Published	04/17/2023	To distinguish facial nerve palsy due to Lyme disease from Bell palsy, there must be concurrent or previous {{c2::erythema migrans}} or {{c1::a positi…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Enterohemorrhagic E. coli}} infection does not typically have associated fever, which distinguishes it from other causes of bloody diarrhea
Published	04/17/2023	EHEC produces {{c1::Shiga toxin}} → {{c2::hemorrhagic colitis}} w/ development of {{c1::hemolytic uremic syndrome}}
Published	04/17/2023	HUS has {{c1::Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia}}, {{c1::thrombocytopenia}} and {{c1::AKI}}
Published	04/17/2023	EHEC strain {{c1::O157:H7}} most frequently produces a {{c2::Shiga Toxin}}
Published	04/17/2023	E. coli is frequently transmitted by {{c1::consumption of undercooked beef (MC hamburger)}}, or {{c1::fecally contaminated food/water (e.g. recreation…
Published	04/17/2023	Pt has 2d of bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain, but no fever. Attended picnic and swam in lake 5 days ago. AFVSS, mild tachycardia, abdomen ten…
Published	04/17/2023	Cyclospora infections are typically acquired after {{c1::consumption of food or water fecally contaminted by cyclospora oocysts}}.
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Cyclospora}} infections are typically described as {{c1::watery diarrhea (like water from the wash cycle)}}, w/ crampy/bloating abdominal pain, …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Giardia lamblia}} infections classically cause watery diarrhea that is greasy, floating and foul smealling
Published	04/17/2023	Postoperative fevers peak at {{c1::11 hrs}} after surgery
Published	04/17/2023	Situations that define Complicated UTIs: 1. {{c1::Male}} 2. {{c1::Pregnant}} 3. {{c2::Obstruction}}4. {{c2::Foreign bodies (CAUTI, stones, PCN)}…
Published	04/17/2023	When imaging demonstrates gas in soft tissue, {{c1::Clostridium perfringens}} OR {{c1::Group A Streptococci (pyogenes)}} are likely etiologies
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Aeromonas hydrophila::Organism}} is associated w/ wounds sustained in an {{c2::aquatic environement (fresh or salt water), esp in warmer months}…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Vibrio vulnificus::Spp and ssp}} is associated w/ wounds sustained in {{c2::brackish/sea waters}}, or consumption of {{c2::raw shellfish}}. Pts …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Prostatitis::Syndrome}} is the most common cause of bacteremia in older men
Published	04/17/2023	Enterococci are gram {{c1::positive cocci in chains::stain and shape}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Azithromycin}}, {{c1::Ethambutol}} AND ({{c1::Rfampin}} OR {{c1::Rifabutin}}) are the preferred regimen for {{c3::Mycobacterium Avium Complex::N…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Rifampin::Abx}}, {{c1::Isoniazid::Abx}}, {{c1::Pyrazinamide::Abx}} and {{c1::Ethambutol::Abx}} are the recommended first line therapy for active…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Rifampin}}, {{c1::Ethambutol}}, {{c1::Pyrazinamide}} and {{c1::Levofloxacin}} can be used for Isoniazid resistant active TB
Published	04/17/2023	Most live vaccines are safe to give in HIV Pts so long as CD4 count has consistently been {{c1::>200}}.{{c1::Live influenza}} vaccine is contraindi…
Published	04/17/2023	All HIV Pts should get vaccinated w/ the {{c1::quadrivalent meningococcal}} vaccine, including the boosters q {{c2::5 yrs}}
Published	04/17/2023	HIV Pts should receive the inactivated recombinant varicella-zoster vaccines when {{c1::≥ 19 yrs old::age}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts potentially exposed to anthrax spores w/o symptoms should be managed by ({{c1::Doxycycline::Abx}} OR {{c1::Ciprofloxacin::Abx}}) for {{c1::60 days…
Published	04/17/2023	Pts exposed to anthrax spores w/ symptoms should be managed by {{c1::Doxycycline::Abx}} OR {{c1::Ciprofloxacin::Abx}} AND a second active ag…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Raxibacumab}} and {{c1::obiltoxaximab}} are {{c2::anthrax toxin-neutralizing human mAb}} and are indicated in {{c2::early treatment of systemic …
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::CMV}} infections can present w/ fever, {{c2::cytopenia::labs}}, and {{c2::transaminitis::labs}}, especially in immunosuppressed/transplant Pts.
Published	04/17/2023	Polyomaviruses ({{c2::BK}} and {{c2::JC}}) tend to present {{c1::≥12 mo::time}} after transplant
Published	04/17/2023	BK virus typically causes {{c1::tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN)}} and {{c1::asymptomatic nephropathy}} in {{c2::renal transplant recipients}}
Published	04/17/2023	JC virus can cause {{c1::PML}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::CVID}} increases risk of respiratory infections (URTI/LRTI) by {{c2::encapsulated bacteria}}, {{c2::mycoplasma spp}}, and {{c2::respiratory viru…
Published	04/17/2023	CVID is Dx by -{{c1::Low IgG}} AND -{{c1::Impaired Ab production}} (to {{c2::pneumonococcal}} or {{c2::tetanus vaccines}}) AND -{{c1::V…
Published	04/17/2023	Manage CVID by {{c1::immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG)}} to reduce risk of subsequent infections
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)}} involves the {{c3::humoral and cellular}} immunity, causing chronic {{c3::mucocutaneous candidiases}},…
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w/ CVID should only receive {{c1::inactivated}} vaccines
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}} is the most likely pathogen in adults w/ vertebral osteomyelitis.
Published	04/17/2023	Bone biopsy may be recommended in {{c1::IV Drug Users}} who have (vertebral) osteomyelitis, even if they have positive blood cultures
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Mycobacterium avium complex}} can cause chronic {{c2::cavitary}} lung disease, and classically seen in older men w/ underlying {{c2::l…
Published	04/17/2023	Definitive pulmonary MAC diagnosis is achieved by {{c1::NAAT}} OR {{c1::molecular probe}}
Published	04/17/2023	Nodular or bronchiectatic MAC is a variant typically seen in {{c1::women >50 yo}}
Published	04/17/2023	Reactivation TB typically involves {{c1::the apical-posterior segments of the upper lobes::which lobes and segments}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Streptococcus pneumoniae}} is a gram-{{c1::positive}} organism w/ a {{c1::lancet-shape::shape}}, and is the most common cause of bacterial pneum…
Published	04/17/2023	Most surgical site infections occur w/n {{c1::30 days}}, OR {{c1::90 days}} if they involved an implant
Published	04/17/2023	Central Venous Catheters (CVC) inserted {{c1::emergently}} should be removed ASAP ({{c1::≤ 48h after insertion}}) and replaced at a new site if centra…
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w/ risk of antibiotic resistant VAP should be treated w/ {{c1::double pseudomonal coverage w/ 2 different antipseudomonal classes}}.
Published	04/17/2023	The Histoplasma UAg has a Sn and Sp of {{c1::≥ 85%}} in acute and disseminated Histoplasma infections and {{c1::≤ 50%}} in chronic…
Published	04/17/2023	The DOC for severe/disseminated histoplasmosis is {{c1::liposomal amphotericin B}}
Published	04/17/2023	24 yo from Georgia w/ rheumatoid arthritis on MTX, etanercept and prednisone presents w/ SOB, fatigue, productive cough, pleuritic chest pain, and fev…
Published	04/17/2023	Image-guided Bx has a diagnostic yield of {{c1::~60%}} for Vertebral OM, and should be used in Pts w/ negative BCx
Published	04/17/2023	Indications to begin empiric Abx in vertebral OM:1. {{c1::Hemodynamic instability}}2. {{c1::Spinal instability}}3. {{c1::Epiderual abscess}}4. {{c1::P…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Campylobacter}} is the most commonly Dx trigger of Guillain-Barre syndrome; less common triggers include {{c2::EBV}}, {{c2::CMV}}, {{c2::Zika vi…
Published	04/17/2023	Symmetric weakness, typically begins in lower extremities before ascending to upper limbs, respiratory and bulbar muscles; low back pain, paresthesias…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Botulism}} is a {{c2::toxin}}-mediated Dz, acquired from {{c2::ingestion}} or {{c2::wound contamination}} causing descending paralysis, classica…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Botulism}} has a classic triad of:1. {{c2::Flaccid paralysis}} w/ {{c2::prominent bulbar palsies}}2. {{c2::Normal mental status}}3. {{c2::Normal…
Published	04/17/2023	Botulism is diagnosed by {{c3::botulinum toxin presence}}, and is treated in Pts > 1 year old by {{c1::botulism antitoxin heptavalent (Equine)}} an…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::WNV::Disease}} is transmitted by {{c2::Culex mosquitoes}} during the {{c3::summer or early fall::Season}} mostly in the west/southwest part…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::WNV::Disease}} presents as encephalitis, meningitis, or acute asymmetric flaccid paralysis w/ associated respiratory failure
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Zika virus}} is transmitted by {{c2::Aedes}} mosquitoes OR {{c2::sexual contact}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Self-treatment w/ a first-line, short course regimen e.g. nitrofurantoin}} is an appropriate initial strategy for women w/ {{c2::recurrent cysti…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Relapsed}} UTIs are defined as recurring infx w/ {{c2::same}} organism {{c2::< 2 wks::time frame}} of completing antimicrobial therapy, and s…
Published	04/17/2023	Relapsed UTI are treated as {{c1::presumed upper UTI}} for {{c1::7-10 days::time frame}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Reinfection::Relapsed OR Reinfection}} is the most common type of recurrent UTI
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Reinfection}} UTI recurrence typically occurs {{c2::> 2 wks}} after initial treatment cessation for previous infx, and is typically caused by…
Published	04/17/2023	Daily prophylactic antimicrobial agents are an option for women w/ {{c1::≥ 3 UCx confirmed}} UTIs {{c1::in the past 12 mo}}, OR {{c1::≥ 2 in the past …
Published	04/17/2023	Risk factors for reinfection recurrent UTIs in pre-menopausal women include:1. {{c1::Sex}}2. {{c1::Certain contraceptions i.e. diaphragm, spermicide}}…
Published	04/17/2023	Risk factors for reinfection recurrent UTIs in post-menopausal women include:1. {{c1::Diminished estrogen levels::Major cause}}2. {{c1::Urinary Retent…
Published	04/17/2023	Guillain-Barré syndrome is treated by either {{c1::plasmapheresis}} or {{c1::IVIG}}
Published	04/17/2023	Oseltamavir must be started w/n {{c1::48 hrs}} of sx onset in uncomplicated/non-severe flu infx
Published	04/17/2023	Exceptions for when Pts can be given antivirals for influenza >48 hrs after sx onset:1. {{c1::Complicated/Severe Infx}}2. {{c1::High risk Pts (e.g.…
Published	04/17/2023	28 yo M w/ cough, HA, nausea, vomiting x1 wk, followed by neck stiffness. Temp 100.4F, BP 110/60, HR 112, RR 22. Hepatosplenomegaly and nuchal rigidit…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Induction therapy}} for cryptococcal meningitis is {{c1::liposomal amphotericin B}} AND {{c1::flucytosine}}. {{c2::Consolidation thera…
Published	04/17/2023	Cryptococcus neoformans is described as {{c1::encapsulated yeast}} cells
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::CNS::Organ System}} is the most common site of infx for Cryptococcus neoformans
Published	04/17/2023	Serum Cryptococcal Ag is positive in {{c1::≥ 95%}} infected Pts
Published	04/17/2023	Echinocandins {{c1::do not::do OR do not}} penetrate into the CSF and Vitreous fluid
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric Tx for moderate, nonpurulent cellulitis includes {{c1::IV PCN}},{{c2::IV ceftriaxone}},{{c2::IV cefazolin}}, OR{{c3::IV clindamycin}}
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric Tx for mild, purulent cellulitis includes {{c1::doxycycline::abx}}, OR {{c1::TMP-SMX::abx}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c4::Erysipelas}} refers to infx of the {{c1::epidermis}}, {{c1::upper dermis}} and {{c1::superficial lymphatics}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c3::Cellulitis}} refers to infx involving the {{c1::deeper dermis}} and {{c1::subcutaneous fat tissue}}.
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric Tx for mild, nonpurulent cellulitis or erysipelas includes {{c1::PO PCN VK}}, {{c1::PO Cephalexin (Keflex)}}, {{c1::PO Dicloxacillin}}, or {{c…
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric Tx for moderate, purulent skin infx is {{c1::incision and drainage}} followed by {{c1::doxycycline}} OR {{c1::TMP-SMX}}
Published	04/17/2023	Necrotizing SSTI has a hallmark “{{c1::woody}}” induration
Published	04/17/2023	Hot tub folliculitis is caused by {{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa}}, and is treated w/{{c2::Observation}} in the general population OR {{c2::Quinolo…
Published	04/17/2023	Extensive staphylococcal folliculitis infx may require topical {{c1::clindamycin}}, or {{c1::mupirocin}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w chronic Hep B Infx who will receive immunosuppression should get antiviral therapy w/ {{c1::entecavir}} or {{c1::tenofovir}} to prevent Hep B re…
Published	04/17/2023	Chronic HBV infx = Positive {{c1::HBsAg::marker}} for {{c1::>6 mo::time}}
Published	04/17/2023	Ixodes tick transmitted infections include:1. {{c1::Lyme disease}}2. {{c1::Babesiosis}}3. {{c1::Anaplasmosis}}4. {{c1::Powassan virus}}
Published	04/17/2023	Powassan virus disease is diagnosed by {{c1::serologic testing}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Anaplasmosis}} can present w/ fevers, headaches, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and abnl LFTs after travel in northeast/Mid-atlantic US.
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Babesiosis::This infection}} can present w/ fever, headache, myalgia, cough, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and hemolytic anemia. No encephalitis…
Published	04/17/2023	The hallmark of babesiosis is {{c1::hemolytic anemia::Lab finding}}
Published	04/17/2023	Japenese Encephalitis is spread by the {{c1::Culex mosquitoes}}
Published	04/17/2023	Japenese Encephalitis can have {{c2::thalamic lesions}} on MRI scans and should be diagnosed by {{c1::IgM in CSF}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pt returns from Asia w/ fever (101.8F), HA, and rapidly develops confusion, flaccid paralysis, and choreoathetoid movements.CSF: WBC 94, Glu 65, Prot …
Published	04/17/2023	The intracellular bacterium {{c2::Orientia tsutsugamushi::organism}} causes {{c1::scrub typhus::disease}}
Published	04/17/2023	Scrub typhus (caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi) typicall presents w/ {{c1::black eschar at inoculation site::initial Sx}}, followed by fever, rash, an…
Published	04/17/2023	Scrub typhus (caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi) is transmitted by {{c1::bite of larval mites (chiggers)::vector(s)}}, and is most predominant in {{c1:…
Published	04/17/2023	Tick-borne encephalitis is a type of {{c1::flavivirus::virus}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Tick-borne encephalitis::This Flavivirus}} typically presents w/ {{c1::biphasic fever::fever}} and {{c1::≥1 neurologic syndromes}}&nbs…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::The Aedes aegypti mosquitoes}} spread the yellow fever virus
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Yellow fever virus}} typically presents w/ fever, HA, myalgia, and N/V, but may progress to severe multisystem Dz w/ {{c2::jaundice::Sx}}, {{c2:…
Published	04/17/2023	Treatment for recurrent genital herpes due to HSV-2:{{c1::Valacyclovir::Drug}}, {{c1::acyclovir::Drug}}, OR {{c1::famciclovir::Drug}} x {{c1::2-5 days…
Published	04/17/2023	Antiviral regimen for HSV-2 genital herpes should be started {{c1::w/n 1 day of lesion onset}}, OR {{c1::onset of prodromal Sx}}
Published	04/17/2023	Syphilitic chancres are described as {{c1::a single, painless genital lesion}} that occurs as part of {{c1::primary}} syphilis
Published	04/17/2023	Recommended test to confirm genital HSV infx is {{c1::NAAT swab}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Airborne and contact precautions are necessary::Isolation required}} for Pts w/ disseminated herpes zoster (shingles)
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Airborne and contact precautions are necessary::Isolation requirement(s)}} for IC Pts w/ herpes zoster (shingles)
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Contact precautions are necessary::Isolation required}} for Pts w/ herpes zoster (shingles) in 1 dermatome.
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Dengue virus}} is the most common cause of fever in travelers returning from {{c2::South America (including central america)::Continent}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Dengue fever’s}} incubation period is {{c1::2 wks::time}} & presents w/ {{c1::abrupt onset, high-grade}} fvr, HA, retro-orbital pa…
Published	04/17/2023	A positive tourniquet test is characteristic for {{c1::dengue fever}}
Published	04/17/2023	Dengue fever is spread by {{c1::the Aedes mosquito spp}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Dengue fever}} is AKA {{c1::Break-bone fever}}
Published	04/17/2023	Chikungunya is spread by {{c1::the Aedes mosquito}}
Published	04/17/2023	Symptomatic chikungunya Infx is uncommon, but can present w/ {{c1::severe joint pain (freq hands and feet)}}. It can be distinguished from dengue viru…
Published	04/17/2023	Leptospirosis is spread by contact or ingestion of {{c1::urine of infected animals/rodents}}
Published	04/17/2023	Leptospirosis has a wide range of presentations:Mild: self-limited illness w/ {{c1::biphasic fever}}Severe (AKA {{c2::Weil Disease}}): {{c2::Liver::or…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Conjunctival erythema::Sx}}, as well as {{c1::lower back::Sx}} and {{c1::calf::Sx}} pain and {{c1::cholestasis::GI Sx}} are characteristic for {…
Published	04/17/2023	Most typhoid fever diagnosed in the US is in Pts who recently traveled to {{c1::South and Southeast Asia::Continent and cardinal directions}}
Published	04/17/2023	Typhoid fever’s incubation period is {{c1::1-2 wks::time}} & typically presents w/ {{c2::progressive}} fever, as well as {{c2::GI Sx (diarrhea vs …
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis in Pts > 50 yo, OR Pts w/ altered cell-mediated immunity should include:1. {{c1::Vancomycin}} +2. ({{c1::C…
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis in Pts < 50 yo should include:1. {{c1::Vancomycin}} +2. ({{c1::Ceftriaxone}} OR {{c1::Cefotaxime}}) +3. {{…
Published	04/17/2023	The most common cause of bacterial meningitis is {{c1::Streptococcus pneumoniae}}
Published	04/17/2023	Empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis in IC Pts should include:1. {{c1::Vancomycin}} +2. ({{c1::Ceftriaxone}} OR {{c1::Cefotaxime}}) +3. {{c1::Ampi…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c2::Vancomycin}} + ({{c2::Cefepime, or ceftazidime, or meropenem}}) are indicated in Pts w/ {{c1::Hospital Acquired}} meningitis or ventriculitis
Published	04/17/2023	Which is the preferred influenza diagnostic test?Influenza {{c1::PCR::PCR vs Rapid Ag Test}}
Published	04/17/2023	{{c3::Oseltamivir}}, {{c3::Zanamivir}}, and {{c3::Peramivir}} are {{c1::neuraminidase inhibitors}} w/ activity against {{c2::influenza A}} and {{c2::i…
Published	04/17/2023	{{c1::Baloxavir}} is a {{c2::polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitor}}, and can be used as single-dose therapy for {{c3::uncomplicated influenza}}
Published	04/17/2023	Screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is recommended only for:1. {{c1::Pregnant women}}2. {{c1::Before an invasive urologic procedure}}
Published	04/17/2023	In Pts w/o any known RF for TB, a PPD reaction of {{c1::≥15 mm}} is considered positive
Published	04/17/2023	The preferred diagnostic test for TB is:{{c1::IGRA::PPD vs IGRA}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w/ HIV have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 5 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts who have known contact w/ someone w/ active TB have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 5 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts who have chronic fibrotic changes on CXR have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 5 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts who have CXR findings consistent w/ old TB have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 5 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w/ PMH of solid organ transplant have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 5 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Immunosuppressed Pts have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 5 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Recent (<5 yrs/ago) immigrants from high-prevalence countries have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 10 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	IV drug users have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 10 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Inmates have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 10 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Homeless Pts have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 10 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Employees of hospitals/health care facilities have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 10 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Pts w/ underlying lung disease that puts them at risk for TB have a positive TST (PPD) if induration is {{c1::≥ 10 mm}}
Published	04/17/2023	Capnocytophaga canimorsus can cause life-threatening infx in pts w/ {{c1::asplenia (or hyposplenism)}}, as well as {{c1::excessive alcohol use}}, OR {…
Published	04/17/2023	Serious infections caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus can be treated w/ a {{c1::carbapenem::Abx class}}, or a {{c1::β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor co…
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